KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 跨境自然遗产廊道研究——以阿尔泰山为例 | |
| 刘华先 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨兆萍 |
| 2016 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 人文地理学 |
| Keyword | 跨境世界自然遗产 遗产廊道 最小耗费距离模型 景观格局 阿尔泰山 |
| Abstract | 世界自然遗产是自然的精华，对于研究地球演化史、生态系统、生物多样性以及人类与自然可持续发展具有重要意义。分布于国界周围的自然遗产往往被国家疆界分割，严重阻碍了自然遗产地的保护，破坏了世界遗产的完整性，目前跨境遗产廊道已经成为保护跨境世界遗产完整性的重要手段。阿尔泰山斜跨中俄哈蒙四国，俄罗斯部分已经成为世界自然遗产。阿尔泰山被人为分裂成为多个片区孤立保护，破坏了遗产地完整性，亟待构建遗产廊道，增强完整性保护。本文基于世界自然遗产的突出普遍价值，构建跨境自然遗产廊道分类框架，提出跨境自然遗产廊道构建技术，并以阿尔泰山四国六方为研究区进行实证研究，为阿尔泰山跨境自然遗产廊道的构建和保护提供理论支撑。 本文主要内容和结论如下： （1）基于世界自然遗产突出普遍价值及载体特征，跨境自然遗产廊道可以分为生态廊道、地学廊道和美学廊道。跨境自然遗产廊道的源地可以利用世界自然遗产地突出普遍价值的评估参考体系识别，根据世界遗产委员会的相关统计报告和研究，跨境自然遗产廊道的阻力层因子可以分为生态因子、地形因子和人为因子，因子权重和赋值需要针对不同的保护目标进行确定。 （2）利用阿尔泰山遥感图像提取土地景观图，使用景观格局指数进行分析，阿尔泰山自然环境优良，并且景观类型丰富，景观水平上整体破碎程度较低，拥有巨大的建立遗产廊道的潜力。研究区内草原、森林面积广阔，占有较大优势；研究区内有两片冰川集中分布区，有重要科学价值。 （3）利用最小耗费距离模型构建跨境自然遗产廊道，共计24条。跨境自然遗产廊道的景观类型以草地和林地为主，南北向的联系明显多于东西向的联系。在遗产地集中的区域，廊道也较为集中。省级、自治区级保护区为遗产廊道提供了踏脚石，为物种的迁移提供了保障。中俄哈蒙交界处的众多高等级保护区组成了大面积的连续保护区构成了研究区中重要的带状廊道，大大提高了研究区的生态连接度。 （4）阿尔泰山跨境自然遗产廊道呈两横三纵的分布格局，5条廊道廊道带交汇处存在三个主要核心和三个次要核心。针对阿尔泰山跨境自然遗产廊道格局和保护需求，提出一系列的优化措施和实施建议。; World Natural Heritage （WNH） is the essence of natural environment which plays an important role in study of life origin, geomechanics, ecosystem, biodiversity and the harmonious and sustainable development of human and nature. However, the WNH located around national boundary always be cut by the latter, which disturbed the protection of WNH integrity. Transboundary WNH Corridor （TWNHC） is now an important tool for the enhancement of WNH connectivity and integrity. Altai Mountain is a huge mountain chain crossed China, Russsia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan which owns significant global value for protection, and the part which belongs Russia had been inscribed in the list of World Natural Heritage since 1998. But Altai Mountain is artificially divided into multiple areas which are protected in isolation. The integrity of natural heritage thus was havocked so the urgent measure is transboundary WNH corridor which could advance the protection of integrity. Classification framework of TWNHC is constructed based on the outstanding universal value of WNH, and construction technology is put forward. Altai Mountain is used as study area for empirical study, which provided theoretical support for the construction, protection and management of Altai Transboundary World Natural Heritage Corridor. Main conclusions and contents are as follows: （1） Based on the outstanding universal value （OUV） of World Natural Heritage and its carrier features, TWNHC could be classified as biological and ecological corridor, geological corridor and aesthetic corridor. Source of TWNHC could be identified by assessment and reference system of OUV, and resistance issues could be classified as ecological factors, topographical factors and anthropogenic factors, different weight and value could be assigned depend on different target. （2） Landscape pattern of Altai Mountain is interpreted based on its Landsat image, and was analyzed by landscape pattern index. The conclusions include: natural environment of Altai Mountain is very excellent; Altai Mountain owns outstanding landscape diversity; fragmentation on landscape level is less low; the potential for building TWNHC is very huge. Vast steppe and forest account for a major percentage, and two concentrated glacier own important science value. （3） 24 TWNHCs is constructed based on the Minimum Cost Distance Model. Main landscape of TWNHC are steppe and forest, and the north-south connections are significant more than east-west ones. Corridors are concentrated in the WNH intense areas; provincial or state-level protection areas functioned as stepping stones which provided safeguard for the migration of spices; high-level protection areas around the national boundaries of China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan composed vast continuous protection area which functioned as an important band corridor, greatly enhanced the connectivity of research area. （4） The distribution pattern of Altai TWNHC could be summarized as “three longitudes & two latitudes”, and 3 main cores and 3 minor cores could be located at the intersection of these 5 TWNHC belts. A series of optimization measures and implementation proposal are put forward according to the Altai TWNHC pattern and protection demand. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14716 |
| Collection | 研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| Affiliation | 中科院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 刘华先. 跨境自然遗产廊道研究——以阿尔泰山为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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