KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 新疆绿洲系统能值代谢结构、机制及效率研究 | |
| 常烃 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨德刚 |
| 2018-06-05 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 新疆乌鲁木齐 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 能值 绿洲系统代谢 新疆和田 指标分解法 SBM Emergy Metabolism of oasis system Xinjiang Hotan index decomposition analysis (IDA) Slacks-based Model (SBM) |
| Abstract | 绿洲系统是干旱区复合型生态系统，其特点具有脆弱性和不稳定性，也是人类活动的核心区域，其可持续发展能力的提升是绿洲经济社会发展的关键。由于人类的不合理开发等活动的干扰，绿洲的可持续性受到严重的威胁，导致当前新疆绿洲系统的结构功能出现一系列问题。本文以和田地区为例，尝试构建绿洲系统能值代谢的分析评价体系，探讨其运行机制以及代谢效率。论文首先基于能值理论，建立绿洲系统能值代谢的评价体系及模型；依据能值计算的理论方与法，从时空差异上系统分析和田地区绿洲能值代谢构成和复合指标分析评价；对和田地区的绿洲系统净能值量与能值可持续指数进行驱动因素的分解，剖析运行机理；在以上基础上凝练和田地区绿洲能值系统代谢效率的总体特征，提出和田地区代谢系统投入与产出改善的方向与潜力，并分析影响其代谢效率的各项因素；根据研究结果，结合绿洲地区的实际情况，提出和田地区绿洲能值代谢效率提高的路径。论文主要得出以下结论：（1）和田地区的能值水平较低，整个地区依然是以农业生产为主的绿洲生态系统。外界输入能值主要依靠中央财政拨付与援疆资金，进出口能值占比较小。空间分异上来看，和田地区内部各县市的差异明显，工业化进程缓慢，总能值量呈现两极分化的态势，经济发展依然摆脱不了以本地资源为主的经济模式。能值可持续指数持续下降，环境负载率较低，整个绿洲系统虽然在不断优化，但依然处于发展中阶段，仍然属于典型的以农业为主的生产系统。（2）在绿洲系统运行机制的研究中得出结论，经济因素是拉动净能值量增长最大的因素；劳动力因素在 10 年间对能值可持续指数减少的贡献排在第二位。因此大力提高人均生产总值与提高劳动生产率，既能够增加地区净能值量，对于经济发展与生态环境的可持续发展来说也是有利的。人口数量的增加并没有明显拉动净能值量的增加，和田地区对人口因素的调整重点在于应增强人口的素质，加大教育投入力度，调整三次产业人口比例，贫困人口的脱贫致富等方面。效率因素是减少净能值量的最大因素，结构因素的拉动作用有限。外界输入能值显示，国家仍然需要对和田地区进行援助，同时应提高投资与援助资金的使用效率，使其逐渐对经济产生拉动作用。技术因素与环境因素在很小的范围内对能值可持续指数有抑制与增加作用。（3）和田地区整体能值代谢效率偏低，代谢效率值较高与较低的县市间差距较大。资源环境投入未能达到相对较优的期望产出，能值代谢效率具有较大的提升空间。目前和田地区的发展仍然属于粗放型，以本地资源消费为主，经济对外开放度低。未来发展中，应从提高非可再生资源的投入和增加外界投入资金等方面来改善绿洲能值代谢效率。（4）分析绿洲能值代谢效率的影响因素得出结论，和田地区的经济增长方式过于粗放，不能有效利用资源，人口的有序增长对和田地区的经济发展与效率提升有促进作用。在现有经济发展水平下产业结构、国家支援力度、城市化发展水平和科学技术水平这些影响因素对和田地区的绿洲能值代谢效率产生的影响十分有限。（5）最后根据分析结果，针对绿洲地区的实际情况，为和田地区指出可持续发展的路径选择与政策建议。地区的经济发展水平、人口素质、产业结构、环境保护等的改善对绿洲能值系统的优化与效率的提升有着重要作用。 |
| Other Abstract | Oasis system is a complex ecosystem in arid areas. Its characteristics arefragility and instability. It is a core area of human activity. The ability of thesustainable development is the key to the oasis’ economic and social development.Interference by human activities such as irrational development, sustainability of theoasis under serious threat, leading to the current structure and function of theXinjiang oasis system appears a series of problems. This paper takes HotanPrefecture as an example and attempts to build oasis emergy metabolic analysissystem, discusses its operation mechanism and metabolic efficiency. Evaluationsystem and model of the metabolism of oasis emergy system is established based onemergy theory; based on emergy theory and method, systematically analyse theHotan Prefecture emergy metabolism of constitution and the evaluation ofcomposite index from the space-time difference; driving factor decomposition of netemergy and emergy sustainable index of Hotan oasis system, operation mechanismand analyze the operation mechanism; on the basis of the above concise of Hotanoasis metabolic efficiency of the overall characteristics of the value system,metabolic system input and output of Hotan Prefecture is put forward to improve thedirection and potential, and analyzes the various factors that affect its metabolicefficiency; according to the results, combining with the actual situation of oasis,Hotan Prefecture is put forward to the path of the metabolic efficiency. Thedissertation mainly draws the following conclusions:(1) Import emergy of Hotan Prefecture mainly rely on theappropriations from the Statetreasury and Xinjiang-aiding funds. Import and exportemergy are relatively small. In terms of spatial differentiation, there are obviousdifferences among counties and cities in Hotan Prefecture, and the industrializationprocess is slow. The total emergy presents a trend of polarization. The economicdevelopment of Hotan Prefecture still cannot get rid of the local resource - oriented economic model. Emergy sustainability index continues to decline andenvironmental load rate is low. Although the oasis system is constantly optimized,but is still at the developing stage and belongs to the typical predominantlyagricultural production system.(2) The conclusion is drawn from the study on the operating mechanism ofoasis system that the economic factor is one of the largest factors that stimulateeconomic growth. Labour factor contributed the second most to the decline in theemergy sustainability index over a decade. So, we need to greatly improve the percapita GDP and improve labor productivity. These measures can not only increasethe net emergy of region, but also reduce value of the emergy sustainability index,which is beneficial to economic development and the sustainable development of theecological environment. The population factor on the net emergy that stimulateeconomic growth is not obvious, the increase of population, the adjustment ofpopulation factors should be enhanced the population quality, increase investment ineducation, adjust the three-industry proportion, and get rid of poverty and becomebetter and so on. The efficiency factor is the biggest factors that reduce the netemergy. Structure factors has a limited driving effect. Increase of import emegy thatreduced the return on investment. This shows that the aid funds have produced apositive influence on the economic development but are yet to play a greater role inthe coming years. China should not only provide aid continuously but also improvethe utilization efficiency of external investment and aid funds. The intent is to ensurethat the external investment and aid funds constantly play a great role and graduallypromote the economic development. Technical factor and environmental factorhave inhibiting and increasing role on the emergy sustainability index in a smallrange.(3) The overall efficiency of the emergy metabolism in Hotan Prefecture is low.The counties that have higher metabolic efficiency and which lower differ greatly.Resources and environment input failed to live up to the expectations of a relatively optimal output. Emergy metabolism has great room to improve efficiency. At present,the development of the Hotan Prefecture still belongs to extensive features, andcompared with economic output that is given priority with local resourcesconsumption and low economic growingly opened., we should improve therenewable resources input and increase the investment of funds, etc in futuredevelopment to improve the efficiency of oasis emergy metabolism.（4）Analysis of the oasis emergy metabolic efficiency came to the conclusionthat Hotan's economic growth mode is too extensive to effective use of resources.The increase of human capital plays a positive role in emergy metabolism efficiencyof oasis so that the orderly growth of population has a promoting effect on theeconomic development and efficiency improvement of Hotan. Four independentvariables which are industrial structure, the level of state support, the urbanizationdevelopment level of scientific and technological level have no obvious correlationon the oasis emergy metabolic efficiency. This indicates that these factors have alimited impact on emerfy metabolic efficiency of Hotan oasis region under theexisting economic development level.(5) According to the analysis results and the actual situation of oasis, I pointedout sustainable development path choice and policy suggestion to Hotan. Region'seconomic development level, population quality, industrial structure and theimprovement of environmental protection play an important role on optimizationand promote the efficiency of the oasis emergy system. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14923 |
| Collection | 研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 常烃. 新疆绿洲系统能值代谢结构、机制及效率研究[D]. 新疆乌鲁木齐. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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