KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 柯尔克孜民族文化数字化展示及开发模式研究 | |
| 马婷婷 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨兆萍 |
| 2018-06-05 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 新疆乌鲁木齐 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 民族文化 柯尔克孜 数字化展示 开发模式 Ethnic culture Kirgiz Digital display Development pattern |
| Abstract | 数字化技术已经成为文化遗产保护和展示的重要技术手段，然而伴随这样的发展进程也凸显了许多问题，“为数字化而数字化”和“数字化展示缺乏文化灵魂”的现象非常普遍，因此论文以柯尔克孜民族文化为研究对象，在系统研究柯尔克孜民族文化体系的基础上，探讨分析了柯尔克孜民族文化的数字化展示技术及开发模式，研究结论主要如下：（1）柯尔克孜民族文化体系研究。研究分析了柯尔克孜文化产生和发展的文化基质，包括自然环境和社会环境，在此基础上，系统的梳理了柯尔克孜民族文化的构成内容，研究得出，柯尔克孜民族文化体系共包含 15 方面的文化内容，分别是历史渊源、服饰文化、饮食文化、居住文化、婚俗文化、工艺美术文化、音乐舞蹈文化、体育竞技、民间文学、礼俗禁忌、宗教信仰、节庆文化、猎鹰文化、爱国主义文化和图案艺术。通过对柯尔克孜文化内容构成研究，基于“模因论”分析了柯尔克孜民族文化基因，对比分析了柯尔克孜族文化与其它典型游牧民族文化的区别，并提取了本民族象征性的文化符号，主要包括族徽—鹿、库姆孜、艾勒切克、白毡帽、玛纳斯、兵器图案、猎鹰和中国石。最后，研究以文化生态系统理论和旅游文化树理论为基础，构建了柯尔克孜民族文化生态系统和文化树，并对自然环境与游牧生活方式与柯尔克孜民族文化之间的关系做具体分析，研究认为自然环境以及游牧生活方式为柯尔克孜民族文化的产生和发展提供了最为基本构成元素和美学元素，并影响其构成元素的发展特点，柯尔克孜民族文化是动态的文化生态系统，具体而言就犹如一棵大树不断吸收养分而生长并开花结果，同时舍弃不适宜的文化元素，不断进行新陈代谢。（2）柯尔克孜民族文化数字化要素表征研究。1.研究通过相关文献资料梳理，以数字化展示为重要原则，总结出可用于柯尔克孜民族文化数字化展示的技术体系及其相对的展示方式，包括数字三维模型、高清图片、720°全景、激光全景、视频音频、触摸屏、LED 、环幕/弧幕/球幕、全息投影、幻影成像、互动投影、体感互动、动感座椅、虚拟现实/增强现实、基于 Flash 的全景漫游、三维虚拟互动展示；2.研究进一步运用案例分析和 TF-IDF 分析法，对相关书籍、63 篇新闻报道和 71 篇论文进行研究，得出数字化展示技术的展示效果，例如数字三维模型的展示效果为复原虚拟再现事物形态、色彩等、任意角度观看和操作和仿真性强；720°全景/全景漫游的展示效果为全方位立体展示、照片级别质量、真实感强/高保真性、身临其境、三维立体空间感觉；环幕/弧幕/球幕和展示效果为色彩逼真、视听震撼、视觉冲击强、沉浸式体验等；3.研究在对数字化展示技术及其效果分析的基础上，分析了柯尔克孜民族文化 15 方面文化内容的核心展示要素及其需要被表达的展示效果，例如图案艺术的核心展示要素为纹样类型、图案纹样素材来源、纹样的组合方式、应用的方面、色彩和实物经演绎成为抽象图案的过程，如果被数字化展示，其效果应该是色彩真实、静态单体展示、互动性展示、动态性的场景。（3）柯尔克孜民族文化数字化展示匹配分析。1.研究首先以柯尔克孜民族文化研究为基础，总结涵盖文化体系所需的全部展示效果要素，共 12 个，包括高清晰度、色彩真实度高、大视域动态场景、小视域动态场景、静态单体、视觉震撼力等。根据数字化展示技术表达效果进行匹配赋值，以此为基础构建匹配度指数 P=P1/P2（P1 为某一种数字化展示技术能够表达的要素，P2 为某一类文化需要被表达的效果要素），并规定当 P＞0.5 时，认为该数字化技术为最佳数字化展示技术，由此得出了第一部分的数字化展示匹配分析结果。2.研究针对普通大众和具有一定认知的人群进行线上和线下问卷调查，线上共收回问卷 102 份，线下共收回 10 份，采用树形决策分析，得出两个群体的最佳数字化展示技术选择结果，结合两方面的结果，得出了数字化展示技术与文化匹配分析结果。3.研究对 31 个文化遗产数字化项目的展示方式与研究分析结果进行比较，研究分析二者存在 5 个相同点和 2 个不同点；4.研究以数字化展示内容要素和数字化技术与文化匹配分析为基础，以动态场景、单体细节、内容互动三个方面进一步分析了数字化展示技术集成与 15 方面文化内容的文化内涵最佳组合；5.研究重点对《玛纳斯》文学内涵以及数字化展示进行分析，研究认为《玛纳斯》可作为独立单元进行数字化展示，将其文化内涵整理为服饰、饮食、音乐舞蹈等多种文化模块，并且以展示古今文化联系为重点对不同文化模块进行数字化展示。（4）柯尔克孜民族文化数字化开发模式研究。研究以旅游开发为原则，以目前我国文化旅游开发模式和结合案例分析为基础，针对柯尔克孜民族文化数字化开发提出了五种开发模式，分别为：数字展馆、专题 APP、数字商店、数字园区和数字全域模式，并针对每一种模式就模式内涵、模式构建进行了具体的阐述，并在政策、科技、资金和人才四个方面阐述了开发模式的保障措施。 |
| Other Abstract | Digital technology has become an important means for cultural heritageprotection and display,however,there has already highlighted many problems with thisdevelopment process,the ' digital for digital ' and' digital display lack of cultural soul'phenomenen are very common.Therefore, the paper take the Kirgiz ethnic culture asthe research object and analyzes the digital display patterns of Kirgiz ethnic cultureand development model based on the systematic review of Kirgiz ethnic culturecomposition, the main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1) The research on the Kirgiz ethnic culture system. The research analysis theculture matrix including the natural environment and social environment that theemergence and development of Kirgiz culture .On the basis of systematic analysis thecontents of Kirgiz ethnic culture, the study results show that the Kirgiz ethnic culturecomposition contain 15 sub cultural content, they are Historical origin, Dressculture,Diet culture , Residential culture, Marriage culture, Arts and crafts culture,Sports competition,Music and dance culture, Folk literature, Religionbelieve-etiquette and taboo, Festival culture, Falcons culture,Patriotic culture,Patternart. The research analysis the culture meme based on the 'memetics' .The study carryon the study of the comparative analysis between Kirgiz culture and other typicalnomadic ethnic cultures and summarized the typical cultural symbols of Kirgiz ethnicculture, including Ethnic emblem-Deer Kumuz, Aleqieke, White felt hat, Manas,Weapons pattern, Falcon and Chinese stone.Finally, the research constructs the Kirgizethnic cultural ecosystem and culture of tree based on the cultural ecological systemtheory and tourism culture tree theory, and focus on the specific analysis of therelationship between the natural environment , nomadic lifestyle the Kirgiz ethnicculture, the study suggest that the natural environment and nomadic lifestyle providesthe most basic and aesthetic elements for the emergence and development of theKirgiz ethnic culture, and affect the composition characteristics the elements. Kirgizethnic culture is the dynamical cultural ecosystem, in particular it is like a tree continue to absorb nutrients to grow and bear fruit, it also abandon the element is notsuitable for the culture evolution and keep metabolism.(2) The culture elements digital representation analysis. 1)The study summedup the technology system and the correspond display patterns for Kirgiz ethnic culturethrough the relevant literature review and take 'digital display' as an importantprinciple, they included digital 3D models, high definition pictures, 720 degreepanoramic,laser panorama video/audio, touch screen, LED, screen / arc / ballscreen ,holographic projection, phantom imaging, interactive projection,somatosensory interaction, dynamic seat, virtual reality / augmented reality, virtualroaming based on the Flash, 3D virtual interactive display; 2) The research conductthe further analysis on the related books, 63 news reports and 71 papers by the casestudy and TF-IDF analysis and obtain the results of digital display effect, such as thedisplay effect of 3D digital is virtual reproducted the things which are shape and color,it has strong simulation and viewing at any angle; the display effect of 720 degreepanoramic display / panorama roaming are full three-dimensional display, photoquality, strong sense of reality / high fidelity, and 3D space feel personally on thescene; the display effect of screen / arc screen / ball screen are vivid color,audio/visual shock, strong visual impact, immersive experience; 3) Based on theanalysis of the digital display and its effect on the analysis of the core elements ofKirgiz ethnic culture shows 15 sub cultural content and need to be expressed in thedisplay effect, such as the core elements to display art design patterns, design patterns,types of material sources, the patterns of the combination, the application of color,and the physical interpretation of a abstract design process, if digital display, the effectshould be true color, static single display, interactive, dynamic display scene.(3) Matching analysis of digital display technology. 1). First, the researchsummarized all the effect elements covers cultural system based on the fomerresearch,a total of 12 effect elements including high resolution, color fidelity, largeview dynamic scene, small view dynamic scene, static monomer, visual shock etc..According to the digital display effect analysis,the study assigning the effect of thedisplay mode and establish a matching index P=P1/P2 (P1 ,the elements digitaldisplay technology can express ;P2 ,the culture effect elements need to be expressed),and set when P > 0.5, this is the best way of digital display technology,and the firstpart of the digital display analysis results are obtained. 2) The study conduct theonline and offline questionnaire to the general public people and the people hascertain cognition, a total of 102 online questionnaires were collected and 10 copiesoffline.The study using decision analysis and obtain the two groups of the best digitaldisplay selection results, and final combination of the two aspects of the results,thus,the research come to the conlusion of the digital display technologiescorresponding to the15 aspects Kirgiz ethnic cultures. 3) The study compares thedisplay modes of 31 cultural heritage digitization projects with the results of theresearch ,the study results show that they have 5 similarities and 2 differences. 4) Onthe basis of the digital display elements and the matching analysis of digital displaytechnology integration and cultural connotation,the research analyzes the bestcombination of digital display technology and cultural connotation of the 15 aspectsculture content in the perspective of dynamic scenes , monomer interaction details andcontent interaction.5) The research focuses on the analysis of 'Manas' literaryconnotation and digital display, the research consider that the 'Manas' can be taken asan independent unit for digital display, collate its cultural connotation into a variety ofcultural modules, such as clothing, diet, music and dance, etc., and make the links ofancient and modern culture as the keypoint of different cultures module digitaldisplay.(4) Study on the Kirgiz digital culture development patterns. Take the tourismdevelopment as the principle and with analysis of the current mode of culture tourismdevelopment and culture heritage digital development case,the study put forward fivedevelopment patterns, they are digital exhibition hall,topic App ,digital shops, digitalparks and digital whole domain.And for each mode, the research elaborated the mode connotation and mode construction, finaly,the study elaborated the safeguardmeasures for development patterns in four aspects: policy, technology, capital andtalent. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14932 |
| Collection | 研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 马婷婷. 柯尔克孜民族文化数字化展示及开发模式研究[D]. 新疆乌鲁木齐. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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