KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 重点生态功能区空间协调发展研究——以塔城盆地为例 | |
| 王桂玲 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨德刚 |
| 2018-06-05 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 新疆乌鲁木齐 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 重点生态功能区 空间协调 生态空间 农业空间 城镇空间 塔城盆地 Key ecological function areas coordinated development of space ecological space agricultural space urban space, Tacheng Basin |
| Abstract | 为了有效解决国土空间开发、 利用中存在的一系列矛盾问题，国家各省级竞相出台了主体功能区规划，将整个区域划分为重点/优化/限制/禁止开发等类型区。 重点生态功能区作为限制开发类型区之一， 其生态系统比较脆弱、敏感， 经济发展基础较薄弱， 空间开发与生态保护之间的矛盾最为突出， 关系到国家的生态安全。本文进行重点生态功能区空间协调发展研究是在建立和谐的人地关系基础上，实现保障生态安全、修复生态环境以及提供生态产品的首要任务，以推进生态—农业—城镇空间有序、 融合、衔接、协调发展。在全国及各地区主体功能区划中，塔城盆地被划定为限制开发区中的自治区级重点生态功能区，其生态服务功能尤其重要，存在具有大部分生态优良但经济落后地区的特点。受自然环境和人为因素的影响，塔城盆地面临严重的生态危机，矛盾比较突出。近年来，空间无序的生产活动以及生态恶化加剧了塔城盆地经济发展水平低、县域及城乡间发展不协调问题。在国家重点生态功能区建设的指导下，首要任务是科学地解析国土空间利用状况，厘清空间发展中存在的主要矛盾及问题，以便更有针对性的为区域协调发展和空间优化提出建设性的对策建议。现有的研究成果中对重点生态功能区这一特定类型的空间分析成果较少。以新疆塔城盆地为实证案例，在研究背景、 国内外学者已有成果以及相关理论方法的基础上， 本文研究重点生态功能区的空间协调发展问题。首先进行生态、农业及城镇三类功能空间的划分，并在此前提下进行空间利用协调度评价及空间特征的剖析，以期破解塔城盆地生态保护与开发的矛盾问题，提高空间资源利用效率，解决空间无序开发以及发展衔接问题，从而推进塔城盆地生态—农业—城镇空间协调、可持续发展。具体包括以下六部分内容：（1）在实地调研、 专题访谈、相关理论以及文献综述支撑下形成论文的研究基础。首先，对与本文相关的主体功能区、空间功能区、重点生态功能区以及协调发展等四个重要的概念分别进行了清晰的界定；其次，结合重点生态功能区区域特征，提出了以地域分异理论、区域空间结构理论、人地关系地域系统理论、博弈论、生态经济与可持续发展理论等作为重点生态功能区空间协调发展研究的理论基础；最后，根据研究内容，总结评述主体功能区、空间功能区、重点生态功能区以及区域协调发展等领域的国内外研究进展，并指出现有已有研究的不足，以期为本文后续的研究奠定基础。（2） 构建重点生态功能区空间协调发展的研究体系。 为了科学的指导后续章节的研究工作， 本文在第一部分内容分析的基础上设计了重点生态功能区空间协调发展的整体研究框架， 包括空间功能划分的基本思路、指标体系设计以及空间利用协调度评价模型构建。 首先， 借助 ArcGIS 平台对重点生态功能区进行三类空间划分；其次，在三类功能空间格局指导下，引入空间耦合协调度模型以分析三类空间的协调发展水平，在此基础上，通过空间自相关分析研究空间利用现状特征、问题以及发展潜力； 最后， 提出协调重点生态功能区三类空间关系的对策建议，并对生态、农业以及城镇空间分别提出具体的发展策略。（3）塔城盆地空间功能划分要素分析。一方面，从地理位置、地形地貌、土壤类型、 气候、水文及生物资源、 社会经济发展、生态环境现状及问题等方面对塔城盆地各要素进行了全面的分析；另一方面，介绍了塔城盆地在新疆主体功能区规划中的总体定位。（4） 塔城盆地空间功能类型划分。基于前述的空间功能区划方法体系，本文以乡镇为基本评价单元， 借助 ArcGIS 平台，运用综合指数法和互斥矩阵判别法将塔城盆地划分为生态、农业以及城镇空间， 在此基础上进行地域功能类型的识别， 利用主导因素法以及面积比重法，并结合专家意见，得到塔城盆地空间功能细分的最终划分方案， 包括生态保护区、生态经济区、农业生产区以及城镇发展区。（5） 塔城盆地空间利用协调度评价及发展潜力分析。 借助空间耦合度模型对生态、农业、城镇三类子空间协调度进行分析，结果显示塔城盆地生态空间、农业空间以及生态空间之间处于低水平耦合协调发展状态。在此基础上进行空间自相关分析， 得出塔城盆地各评价单元生态、农业和城镇空间的耦合协调发展度的整体空间分布情况以及与周围单元间的空间差异程度， 同时，从发展现状特征、存在的问题以及发展潜力等方面对三类空间进行了详细的解析。（6） 塔城盆地空间协调发展的对策及建议。在协调生态、农业、城镇空间关系上， 本文提出要通过三类空间功能区的联动融合发展来实现空间协调发展，主要集中在六个方面，包括成立行政协调机构、解决各规划相拮抗问题、推动特色产业发展及经济转型、加快区域产业经济合作、完善生态补偿政策、实行科学合理的绩效考核政策， 并结合问题解析结果，有针对性、侧重性的对生态空间、农业空间以及城镇空间分别提出其协调发展策略。 |
| Other Abstract | In order to effectively solve the series of contradictory issues in the developmentand utilization of land space, provincial governments have introduced the majorfunction oriented zoning, which has divided the land space into key development/optimizing development/restricting development/forbidding development zones. As atype of the restricted development zones, the ecological system of the key eclologicalfunction area is fragile and sensitive, the foundation of economic development isweak, and there exists a sharp contradiction between spatial development andecological protection, which is related to the country's ecological security. Theresearch on the coordinated development in space of the key ecological function areasis based on the harmonious man-land relationship. The primary task is to ensureecological security, repair ecological environment and provide ecological products onthe basis of the harmonious human-land relation, in order to promote the ordered,integration, cohesion and coordinated development of ecological space, agriculturalspace and urban space.In the national and regional major function oriented zoning, Tacheng Basin isdefined as the key ecological functional areas of the autonomous region with theparticularly important ecosystem service function, which has the characteristics offine ecology but backward economy. Tacheng Basin faces serious ecological crisisand obvious contradictions affected by natural environment and human factors. Inrecent years, the disordered production activities and ecological deteriorationaggravate the low level of economic development and the uncoordinated developmentbetween urban and rural. Under the guidance of construction of national keyecological function areas, the top priority is to scientifically analysis the land andspace utilized present situation and clarify the main contradictions of development inspace so that constructive suggestions can be put forward for the regional harmoniousdevelopment and space optimization, which is less in the present research. TakingTacheng Basin as the study area, on the basis of the research background, researchreview and relevant theoretical methods, this paper studies the coordinateddevelopment in space of key ecological function areas. It first makes the division ofthree functional spaces and then analyzes space utilization characteristics to relievethe contradiction between ecological protection and development, improve the efficiency of resource utilization and solve the problem of disordered development inspace. Accordingly, it can advance the coordinated and sustainable developmentamong ecological space, agricultural space and urban space in Tacheng Basin. Thecontents include the following six parts:(1) The first part constructs the research foundation of the paper supported byfield research, special interview, relevant theory and literature review. Firstly, thepaper clearly gives definition of the major function zone, spatial function zone, keyecological function areas and coordinated development in space; Secondly, combinedwith the feature of key ecological function areas, this paper puts forward regionaldifferentiation theory, regional spatial structure theory, the relation between peopleand land area system theory, ecological economic theory, sustainable developmenttheory and game theory as the theoretical basis of the study; Lastly, according to theresearch contents, the paper makes a summary and commentary on the researchprogress at home and abroad and points out the inadequacies of the previous studiesso as to lay a foundation for the follow-up studies in this paper.(2) The second part determines the research framework of this paper. With theaim of the scientific guidance of research work in the subsequent chapters, this articledesigns the overall research framework of the coordinated development of keyecological function areas, which includes the basic concept of spatial functiondivision, the design of index system and the construction of spatial coordinationevaluation model. First of all, the paper makes division of ecological/agricultural/urban space of the key ecological function areas using the software of ArcGIS, andthen introduces the spatial coupling coordination model to analyze the level ofcoordinate development of three functional spaces, on this basis, studying the presentsituation features, problems and development potential of space utilization. Finally,suggestions are put forward to coordinate the relationship of three types of spacewhich includes ecological space, agricultural space and urban space.(3) The third part analyzes the factors of space functional division in TachengBasin. On the one hand, the paper makes a more comprehensive analysis of theseelements including geographical position, topography, soil type, climate resources,water resources, biological resources, current situation and problems of social andeconomic development, ecological environment; On the other hand, this paperintroduces the overall position of Tacheng Basin in Xinjiang major function orientedzoning.(4) The fourth part makes the division of spatial function areas in Tacheng Basin.Taking the villages and towns as the basic evaluation units, with the help of ArcGISplatform, the paper divides Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural spaceand urban space using the comprehensive index method and mutual exclusion matrixdiscrimination, and then identifies the regional function type to get the final plan ofspecial function subdivision which divides Tacheng Basin into ecological preservationzone, ecological economic zone, agricultural production zone and town developmentzone.(5) The fifth part analyzes space characteristics, problems and developmentpotential. The analysis results of spatial coordination among ecological/agricultural/urban space show that the relations among three types of space are in a low level ofthe coupling and coordinated development. On this basis, this study makes the spatialautocorrelation analysis which gets the overall spatial distribution and the degree ofspatial differences between units. Besides, from the current situation of thedevelopment characteristics, existing problems, development potential, and so on, thisstudy makes detailed analysis of ecological space, agricultural space and urban space.(6) The sixth part proposes the countermeasures and suggestions of coordinateddevelopment of space in Tacheng Basin. About coordinating the relationship ofecological space, agricultural space and urban space, this article proposes that the wayof achieving the coordinated development of space is the interactive and integrateddevelopment of three types of functional space, which can be mainly epitomized insix aspects, including establishing coordinating administration, solving the problem ofantagonism between the plans, promoting the development of characteristic industryand the economic transformation, accelerating the regional economic cooperation,improving the ecological compensation policy, implementing scientific andreasonable performance appraisal policy. Simultaneously, combined with theanalytical results, this paper puts forward respectively the development strategies ofecological space, agricultural space and urban space. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14939 |
| Collection | 研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 王桂玲. 重点生态功能区空间协调发展研究——以塔城盆地为例[D]. 新疆乌鲁木齐. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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