KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 新疆伊犁河谷苹果小吉丁虫的入侵危害及其风险评估 | |
| 崔志军 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 吕昭智 ; 韩鹏 |
| 2018-06-01 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 新疆乌鲁木齐 |
| Degree Discipline | 工程硕士 |
| Keyword | 苹果小吉丁虫 野苹果 入侵危害 生活史 CLIMEX Agrilus mali Wild Apple Invasive Damage Life History |
| Abstract | 野苹果Malus sieversii（Ledeb.） M. Roem.（蔷薇目：蔷薇科）仅分布在中亚地区，是现代栽培苹果的祖先，更是重要的种质资源库。然而，苹果小吉丁虫Agrilus mali Matsumura（Coleoptera： Buprestidae）入侵新疆伊犁河谷的原始野苹果林，超过80%的野苹果树受到危害。因此，本研究调查了苹果小吉丁虫的生活史、伊犁河谷野苹果林的危害，并对其进行全球适生性分析。主要结果如下：1. 苹果小吉丁虫生活史及其天敌调查。本研究于2016和2017年在巩留县交勒赛野苹果林、阿勒玛赛野苹果林和新源县八连野苹果林、萨哈野苹果林系统调查了该害虫的生活史策略和本地潜在的自然天敌情况。表明苹果小吉丁虫发育不整齐，一年一代，蛹期为5月底到8月初，成虫在六月上旬到八月中旬出现， 高峰期在七月中旬，以幼虫在树皮形成层的虫道内越冬。自然天敌在2016和2017年造成苹果小吉丁虫的平均死亡率为33.6%。其中乌黑刻柄茧蜂 Atanycolus denigrator（Linnaeus）（Hymenoptera： Braconidae）和球腹蒲螨Pyemotes sp.（Acari：Pyemotidae） 是苹果小吉丁虫的优势自然天敌， 且乌黑刻柄茧蜂能造成苹果小吉丁虫15%的死亡率。2. 苹果小吉丁虫对伊犁河谷野苹果林的危害和防控措施的评估。结果表明，各地点的受害状况差异较大，新源改良场危害情况最为严重，交勒赛、二乡和大莫合三个地点的危害状况最轻。各调查地点间果实产量、虫斑密度、旧羽化孔密度和新羽化孔密度有显著性差异；其中野苹果树受害等级分别与果实产量和虫斑密度呈负相关。四种防控措施间害虫数量亦有显著性差异；其中在修剪枝条和喷洒农药区，害虫数量显著下降，相比其他防控措施，修剪枝条和喷洒农药结合运用效果较好。综合运用防控措施有利于在中亚地区的害虫管理和野果林生态系统恢复。3. 苹果小吉丁虫适生区预测及其天敌的应用前景。采用CLIMEX和ArcGIS软件对苹果小吉丁虫现在以及未来在全球的潜在分布区进行了分析。结果表明：随着未来气候变化（目前、 2030年、 2050年、 2090年、 2100年），苹果小吉丁虫和乌黑刻柄茧蜂在全球的潜在分布区重合度较高，表明乌黑刻柄茧蜂适合运用生物防治材料。随着时间推移，苹果小吉丁虫和乌黑刻柄茧蜂在非洲南部的潜在分布区面积逐渐下降；在拉丁美洲南部的的潜在分布区面积逐渐缩小；在欧洲的潜在分布区面积逐渐增加；在北美的潜在分布区面积增加。苹果小吉丁虫和乌黑刻柄茧蜂更适宜在北半球生长，针对其潜在分布区，相关部门应加强该害虫的检疫和防治工作，保护当地的生态系统与环境。 |
| Other Abstract | Wild apple, Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. (Rosales: Rosaceae), the ancestorof cultivated apples, is only distributed in Central Asia and is recognized as animportant germplasm bank. Unfortunately, Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) has invaded endemic apple forests in the Yili River Valley, Xinjiang, andhas spread rapidly infesting more than 80% of wild apple trees in this region.Consequently, we investigated its life history, the damage to the wild apple forest inYili River Valley and its current and potential distribution analysis. The main resultsare as follows:1. Life history and natural enemies investigation of A. mali. We investigated lifehistory traits and potential endemic natural enemies at the Jiaolesai wild apple forest,Alemasai wild apple forest in Gongliu and Balian wild apple forest, Saha wild appleforest in Xinyuan during 2016 and 2017. A. mali has a univoltine life cycle and hasone generation annually, pupating take place from late May to early August, adultsemerged from early June to mid-August, and their density peaked in mid-July,overwintered as young larvae in galleries in cambium. These natural enemies wereresponsible for average year-mortality rates for 33.6% during 2016 and 2017.Atanycolus denigrator (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), mites (Pyemotes sp.(Acari: Pyemotidae)) are dominant natural enemy, and A. denigrator was responsiblefor up to 15% mortality of A. mali.2. The damage situation to the wild apple forest of A. mali and assessment ofdifferent management modes in Yili River Valley. Results indicated that the damagelevel varied among the sampling sites with Xinyuan improved farm being the worstand, Jiaolesai, Erxiang and Damohe being the slightest. The fruit yield, the density ofscar, the density of old exit hole and the new exit hole differed significantly amongamong seven sites, and damage class of wild apple tree and fruit yield, density of scarare negatively correlated, respectively. There was also a significant difference in thedifferent management modes, and pest abundance has declined in pruning of tree andsprayed areas, compared to other management modes. A combination of differentmanagement modes should be beneficial to the pest management and the wild appleforest ecosystem resilience in Central Asia.3. Prediction of potential suitable geographic distribution of A. mali and futureapplication of its enemies, A. denigrator. We use CLIMEX and ArcGIS software toanalyze the current and future potential distribution areas of A. mali and its mainnatural enemies, A. denigrator. The result showed that with future climate changed(current, 2030, 2050, 2090, 2100), their the overlapping area of potential distributionin the world are high, which suggest it is suitable for the biological control material.In the future scenarios, the potential distribution areas in southern Africa weregradually decreasing for A. mali and its natural enemies, A. denigrator, and the area ofpotential distribution in South America is shrinking, in Europe the potentialdistribution area increases, potential distribution area in North America increases. It ismore suitable for A .mali and A. denigrator to grow in the northern hemisphere, and inthe potential distribution area, the relevant governments should strengthen thequarantine and management of this pest, as well as the conservation of localecosystems. |
| Subject Area | 生物工程 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14962 |
| Collection | 研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 崔志军. 新疆伊犁河谷苹果小吉丁虫的入侵危害及其风险评估[D]. 新疆乌鲁木齐. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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