KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 准噶尔西南缘小尺度荒漠集水区生态环境质量评价与功能分区研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Study on the ecological environment quality assessment and functional zoning of small-scale desert catchment in Southwest of Junggar |
| 赵俊红 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 周华荣 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 生态环境质量评价 生态功能分区 集水区 Ecological environment quality evaluation Ecological functional zoning Catchment area |
| Abstract | 本研究以兵团第七师 130 团荒漠集水区为例， 基于现场采样调查及室内分析， 并结合“3S” 技术， 采用单因素评价和综合评价相结合的方法，分析评价了集水区水环境、土壤环境和生态环境质量现状。 在了解历史排水对该区域及周边环境影响程度的前提下， 基于生态环境调查、土壤和水环境分析评价结果，构建生态环境质量综合评价指标体系，采用专家打分法确定指标权重，将研究区生态环境质量分为优、中、差三个等级。最后根据生态环境质量综合评价结果，结合研究区水域、动植物分布特点，对研究区进行景观生态功能分区，并提出各区生态环境功能修复和管理措施。 结果表明：（1） 研究区表层土壤中有机质、 有效氮、 有效磷含量分别为 1674~9418mg▪kg-1， 6.13~36.3 mg▪kg-1， 3.54~31.37 mg▪kg-1， 有机质和有效氮的营养级别为很缺乏和极缺乏，受水域和人类活动的影响，有效磷在部分区域的营养等级达到了丰富，但研究区土壤养分含量整体较低，且土壤养分含量随土层深度的增加呈递减趋势。 研究区土壤重金属整体上处于无污染的安全级别，但因部分采样点重金属 Hg、 Ni、 Cr、 Cd 的含量超过新疆土壤元素背景值，且 Hg、 Cd 的最大超出倍数分别为 10.4、 4.5 倍，致使研究区 Hg、 Cd 的潜在生态风险指数较高。（2）研究区地表水环境存在的主要问题是：水体富营养化和重金属镉污染，总氮、总磷的最大单因子污染指数分别为 1.9、 3.95；水环境的内梅罗综合指数污染等级处于 III-V 之间。（3）生态环境质量综合评价结果显示：受水分因素的影响，研究区水域及周边区域综合生态环境较好，外围荒漠区域较差。基于上述评价结果，并结合水域、动、植物多样性等将研究区划分为荒漠林保护区、 湿地生物多样性维护区、水域维护区 3 个景观生态功能区。 |
| Other Abstract | Based on the field sampling and indoor analysis, combined with the “3S”technology, single factor evaluation and comprehensive evaluation is used to analyzeand evaluate the water environment soil environment and ecological environmentquality of the catchment area in Xinjiang Seventh Division 130 Group.Under thepremise of understanding influence of historical drainage on the area and surroundingenvironment, based on the results of ecological, soil and water environment analysisand evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation index system of ecological environmentquality is constructed, and the weight of the index is determined by the expert scoringmethod. The environmental quality is divided into three levels: excellent, medium andpoor. Finally, according to the comprehensive evaluation results of eco-environmentalquality, combined with the waters, animal and plant distribution characteristics of thestudy area, the landscape ecological function is divided, and the ecological environmentfunction restoration and management measures of each area are proposed. The resultsshow:(1) The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphoruswere 1674~9418 mg▪kg-1, 6.13~36.3 mg▪kg-1, 3.54~31.37 mg▪kg-1 in the top-soil ofthe study area. The nutritional level of organic matter and available nitrogen is veryscarce and extremely lacking. Due to the influence of waters and human activities, theeffective phosphorus has a rich nutrient level in some areas, but the soil nutrient contentin the study area is lower overall. And the soil nutrient content increases with the depthof the soil layer. The soil heavy metals in the study area are in a safe level withoutpollution, but the content of heavy metals Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd in some sampling pointsexceeds the background value of soil elements in Xinjiang, and the maximum excessmultiples of Hg, Cd are 10.4 ,4.5 times. The potential ecological risk index of Hg andCd in the study area is high.(2) The main problems in the surface water environment of the study area are eutrophication of water and heavy metal cadmium pollution. The maximum singlefactor pollution index of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is 1.9 and 3.95. Thepollution level of Nemero comprehensive index of water environment is III-V.(3) The comprehensive evaluation results of ecological environment quality showthat due to the influence of water factors, the integrated ecological environment of thewaters and surrounding areas is better, but the peripheral desert areas are poor. Basedon the above evaluation results, combined with water, animal and plant diversity, thestudy area is divided into three landscape ecological function areas: desert forestprotection area, wetland biodiversity maintenance area and water area maintenance area. |
| Subject Area | 环境科学专业 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15272 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 赵俊红. 准噶尔西南缘小尺度荒漠集水区生态环境质量评价与功能分区研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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