KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 基于建设开发适宜性评价的干旱区绿洲城市增长边界的划定—以乌鲁木齐市为例 | |
| Alternative Title | Delineation of Growth Boundary of Oasis City in Arid Area Based on Evaluation of Suitability of Construction and Development: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| 朱天翥 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 张小雷 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 城市增长边界 限制性评价 适宜性评价 阶段性边界 乌鲁木齐 Urban Growth Boundary Restrictive Evaluation Suitability Evaluation Phased Boundary Urumqi |
| Abstract | 改革开放以来，我国城镇化水平快速提高，但在城市化过程中也出现了资源粗放使用、建设用地开发效率低、环境日渐恶劣等一系列的城市问题，土地和人口各自城镇化过程未能一致协调发展是出现这些资源环境问题的重要原因。新疆全域均处于我国干旱区半干旱区，人们的生产和生活活动基本都在绿洲上，但全疆绿洲面积占比小，当前城镇的迅速发展对绿洲其他区域的发展造成挤压，不断压缩其他空间面积；乌鲁木齐市作为典型的干旱区绿洲城市，其建设开发土地无序扩张表现的更为明显。由于近年来人口城镇化与土地城镇化出现脱节的问题，因此控制城市合理开发，避免城市无序扩张是当前城市发展中需要急迫完成的任务。目前划定城市增长边界是当前控制城市无序蔓延、减少土地利用效率低下的有效途径，也是目前我国空间规划探索的重要内容之一。 划定城市增长边界对于干旱区城市的发展也具有重要的现实意义。本文从自然资源约束以及土地可使用的潜力两方面入手，从影响城市增长边界划定的土地自然本底条件、建筑和居民安全、城市可持续发展、国家的相关规定、水土支撑条件、社会经济基础以及区位条件等因素出发，选取相关指标进行土地限制性评价和土地适宜性评价，综合两个评价划定乌鲁木齐的城市增长边界，并根据城市增长边界的两方面作用，确定城市增长的刚性边界和阶段性边界。本文主要研究成果如下：（1）乌鲁木齐目前城市发展过程主要存在城市土地单位开发效率低、人口城镇化与土地城镇化脱节的问题。 2016 年，乌鲁木齐人均建成区面积达 165 m²/人，而 2016 年新疆人均建设用地为 129 m²人，全国平均水平地为 86 m²/人；但乌鲁木齐市单位建成区效率仅为 0.84 亿元/km²，低于全疆平均水平和全国平均水平。 2007-2015 年，乌鲁木齐建成区面积年均扩大 20.63 km2，土地城镇化增长速度为 6.3 %；而同期，乌鲁木齐城镇人口从 224 万人减少到 206 万人，土地城镇化远大于人口城镇化。（2）评价得出乌鲁木齐市土地建设开发限制性评价。最终确定乌鲁木齐限制性评价禁止区占整个乌鲁木齐总面积 45.94 %，主要位于乌鲁木齐的达坂城区荒漠、水源地等区域和乌鲁木齐县山地区域，其分布较为集中；限制区占总面积26.48 %，主要分布在米东区、乌鲁木齐县以及达坂城区；弱限制区占总面积23.51 %，主要分布在米东区、乌鲁木齐县、天山区等地势较为开阔的区域；无限制区为总面积的 4.07 %，主要分布在新市区、头屯河区和米东区地势较为平坦的绿洲平原区域。（3）评价得到乌鲁木齐市土地的建设开发适宜性情况。最终得到建设开发适宜性评价中最适宜建设开发区域的面积为 2073.34 km²，占乌鲁木齐总面积15.04%；基本适宜总面积为 2941.00 km²，占总面积的 21.34 %；基本不适应面积为 1045.00 km²，占总面积 7.58 %；不适宜区面积为 7724.00 km²，占总面积的56.04 %。从整体上看，土地适宜性评价确定的土地的建设开发适宜性也有着距离衰减规律，即越远离现状建设开发区域，其适宜行越小。乌鲁木齐绿洲部分的适宜性整体高于绿洲外围区域。（4）利用 ArcGIS 中 Raster Calculator 工具和 Reclassify 工具对限制性评价成果和适宜性评价成果的空间叠加和重分类，确定出乌鲁木齐城市增长边界的初步划定成果。将城市增长边界成果划分为：刚性边界、近期优先开发区、中期储备开发区以及远期预留地。划定得到刚性边界面积为 6315.00 km²，占总面积 45.94%，多集中乌鲁木齐中部和南部；近期优先开发区是城市在在今后几年中最适宜开发的区域，总面积 94.98 km²，占总面积 0.69 %，主要分布于现状城镇空间外围以及米东区；中期储备开发区是今后一段时期内依据城市发展需求适宜开发的区域，总面积为 495.00 km²，占总面积的 3.60 %，主要位于头屯河区、米东区、达坂城区以及乌鲁木齐县。远期储备开发区域，是城市发展到一定规模以后才可能用到的建设开发用地，需要依据城市发展速度而定。 |
| Other Abstract | Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization level has increased rapidly.However, in the process of urbanization, a series of urban problems such as extensiveuse of resources, low development efficiency of construction land, and increasinglyharsh environment have emerged. The urbanization process of land and populationhas not been consistent. Coordinated development is an important reason for theenvironmental problems of these resources. Xinjiang is located in the arid and aridregions of China's arid regions. People's production and living activities are basicallyin oasis, but the proportion of oasis in Xinjiang is small. The rapid development of thecurrent towns has squeezed the development of other areas in the oasis, constantlycompressing other The area of space; Urumqi City, as a typical oasis city in the aridregion, has more obvious performance in the disorderly expansion of construction anddevelopment land. Due to the disconnection between population urbanization andland urbanization in recent years, controlling the rational development of cities andavoiding the disorderly expansion of cities is a task that needs urgent completion inurban development. The current delineation of urban growth boundaries is aneffective way to control the disorderly spread of cities and reduce the inefficient useof land. It is also one of the important contents of China's space planning exploration.Delineating urban growth boundaries also has important practical significance for thedevelopment of cities in arid regions.This paper starts from the constraints of natural resources and the potential ofland use, from the natural background conditions of land, urban and ruraldevelopment, urban sustainable development, national regulations, water and soilsupport conditions, and social economy. Based on factors such as foundation andlocation conditions, relevant indicators are selected for land-restricted land evaluationand land suitability evaluation. Two evaluations are used to delineate the urbangrowth boundary of Urumqi, and the rigid boundary of urban growth is determined according to the two aspects of urban growth boundary. And phased boundaries. Themain research results of this paper are as follows:(1) The current urban development process in Urumqi mainly has the problemsof low efficiency of urban land unit development, population urbanization and landurbanization. In 2016, the per capita built-up area of Urumqi reached 165 m2/person,while in 2016, the per capita construction land in Xinjiang was 129 m2/person, andthe national average level was 86 m2/person; but the efficiency of unit built-up area inUrumqi was only 0.84 billion yuan/ Km2, lower than the national average and thenational average. From 2007 to 2015, the area of built-up area of Urumqi expanded by20.63 km2 per year, and the growth rate of land urbanization was 6.3%. In the sameperiod, the urban population of Urumqi decreased from 2.24 million to 2.06 million,and land urbanization was much larger than population urbanization.(2) The evaluation obtained the restrictive evaluation of land development anddevelopment in Urumqi. It is finally determined that the restricted area of Urumqirestrictive evaluation accounts for 45.94 % of the total area of Urumqi. It is mainlylocated in the desert, water source and other areas of Dabancheng District of Urumqiand the mountainous areas of Urumqi County. The distribution is relativelyconcentrated; the restricted area accounts for 26.48 % of the total area. In MidongDistrict, Urumqi County and Daban City; weakly restricted areas account for 23.51 %of the total area, mainly distributed in the open areas of Midong District, UrumqiCounty, Tianshan District, etc.; unrestricted area is 4.07 % of the total area, the maindistribution Oasis plain area with relatively flat terrain in the new urban area,Toutunhe District and Midong District.(3) Evaluation of the suitability of land construction and development in Urumqi.The area most suitable for construction and development evaluation in the finalevaluation of construction and development is 2,073.34 km2, accounting for 15.04%of the total area of Urumqi; the basic suitable total area is 2941.00 km2, accountingfor 21.34 % of the total area; the basic unsuitable area is 1045.00 km2, accounting forthe total area. 7.58 %; the area of the unsuitable area is 7724.00 km2, accounting for56.04 % of the total area. On the whole, the suitability of land construction and development determined by land suitability evaluation also has a law of distanceattenuation, that is, the farther away from the current construction and developmentarea, the smaller it is. The suitability of the Urumqi Oasis is higher than that of theoasis.(4) Using the Raster Calculator tool and Reclassify tool in ArcGIS to spatiallysuperimpose and reclassify the results of restrictive evaluation and suitabilityevaluation, and determine the preliminary demarcation results of the urban growthboundary of Urumqi. The urban growth boundary results are divided into: rigidborders, recent priority development zones, medium-term reserve development zones,and long-term reservations. The rigid boundary area is 6315.00 km2, accounting for45.94 % of the total area, and is concentrated in the central and southern parts ofUrumqi. The recent priority development zone is the most suitable area for urbandevelopment in the next few years, with a total area of 94.98 km2, accounting for0.69 % of the total area. It is mainly distributed in the outer periphery of the existingurban space and the Midong District. The medium-term reserve development zone isan area that is suitable for development in accordance with urban development needsin the future. The total area is 495.00 km2, accounting for 3.60 % of the total area,mainly located in Toutunhe District and Midong District. , Daban District and UrumqiCounty. The long-term reserve development area is the construction and developmentland that can be used after the city has developed to a certain scale, and needs to bedetermined according to the speed of urban development. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15286 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 朱天翥. 基于建设开发适宜性评价的干旱区绿洲城市增长边界的划定—以乌鲁木齐市为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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