KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 新疆塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区马可波罗盘羊种群分布与生境适宜性评价 | |
| Alternative Title | Population distribution and habitat suitability assessment of Marco Polo sheep in Taxkorgan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang |
| 陈强强 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨维康 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 马可波罗盘羊 种群密度 地理信息系统 生境适宜性 生境丧失率 Morco Polo sheep Population Density GIS HSI Habitat Loss Rate |
| Abstract | 马可波罗盘羊（Ovis ammon polii） 是帕米尔高原的代表性物种，开展其种群生存现状调查和生境适宜性评价对于该物种的保护与管理具有重要意义。作者应用地图样带法于 2017-2018 年夏季（6-8 月） 和冬季（11 月） 在新疆塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区沿沟谷随机布设 16 条样线，总调查面积 1236.48 km2， 调查并计算了马可波罗盘羊的种群分布与数量。 结果显示，萨热吉勒尕、色日克塔什、 卡拉其古、卡拉吉勒嘎、皮斯岭和赞坎等沟谷是保护区内马可波罗盘羊的主要分布区域。萨热吉勒尕和色日克塔什在夏季和冬季均是保护区内盘羊分布最密集的区域。 作者估算马可波罗盘羊种群数量夏季为（1278±569） 只，冬季为（1815±827） 只。集群大小在 2-98 只之间，平均群大小为（14.54±1.33） 只/群。夏季雌雄性比为 3.09﹕1，冬季雌雄性比为 3.83﹕1。 结果表明马可波罗盘羊分布区范围与前人调查结果几乎一致， 盘羊分布较为聚集， 种群数量比 10 年前略微增多。基于种群分布调查获取的盘羊位点数据，建立马可波罗盘羊生境信息数据库，综合考虑海拔、 植被、地形等 6 个影响马可波罗盘羊生境选择的自然因子，以及道路、 牧场和居民点 3 个人为因子，借助 ArcGIS 10.2 和 Fragstats 4.2.1，构建生境适宜性指数模型并计算生境斑块的景观指数， 分析评价了马可波罗盘羊的生境适宜性及其季节变化特征。结果表明：保护区内马可波罗盘羊夏季潜在适宜生境面积为 2127.19 km2，冬季为 1915.70 km2。保护区西北部的马可波罗盘羊实际分布区内，夏季潜在适宜生境面积为 1095.48 km2，冬季为 1072.82 km2，马可波罗盘羊适宜生境集中分布于保护区内该物种实际分布区。受人为干扰，保护区内马可波罗盘羊夏季和冬季适宜生境丧失率分别为 18.43%和 17.14%，实际分布区内适宜生境丧失率分别为 33.65%和 28.58%，表明实际分布区受人类活动影响较大，应予以重点保护。总体而言， 限制马可波罗盘羊生存的关键影响因子是国道 314 和放牧活动。景观破碎化指数表明适宜马可波罗盘羊生存的优质生境斑块少之又少， 破碎化严重，这在相当程度上限制了其对资源的可利用性和选择性。基于以上研究结果，作者提出实施生态补偿机制， 建设生态廊道，限制放牧以及合理调整保护区功能区等措施， 促进马可波罗盘羊种群健康发展。 |
| Other Abstract | Marco Polo sheep （Ovis ammon polii） is a representative species of the Pamirs.It is of scientific significance to carry out its population status survey and habitatsuitability evaluation for the conservation and management of this species andbiodiversity conservation. In summer （June-August）and winter （November）, by usingthe map-like method, laying 16 sample lines along valleys in the Tashkurgan WildlifeNature Reserve in Xinjiang, with a total area of 1236.48 km2, the author carried outpopulation distribution and quantity survey of Marco Polo sheep.The results show thatthe Marco Polo sheep in the reserve are mainly distributed in the valleys of Sagejile,Karaqigu, Sezhkta, Karajile, Pisiling and Zankan. Both Sergey Gilles and Sezhktasare the areas with the highest density of sheep in the protected area in summer andwinter. The population number of Marco Polo sheep in the summer is about 1278±569,and it is about 1815±827 in winter. The size of the Marco Polo sheep cluster rangesfrom 2 to 98, and the average cluster size is 14.54 ± 1.33 only / group. The ratio ofmale to female in summer is 3.09:1, and the ratio of male to female in winter is 3.83:1.The results show that the distribution of Marco Polo sheep is almost consistent withthe results of previous surveys. The distribution of argali is more concentrated, andthe population is slightly larger than that of 10 years ago.Based on the occurrence point data obtained in population distribution, thedatabase of Marco Polo sheep habitat information was established. The natural factorslike elevation, vegetation and tarrainl affecting the habitat selection of Marco Polosheep and the human factors such as roads and pastures were considered. The ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstats 4.2.1 was used to construct the habitat suitability index model andcalculate the landscape index of habitat patches, the habitat suitability and seasonalvariation characteristics of Marco Polo sheep were evaluated. The results show thatthe potential suitable habitat area of Marco Polo sheep is 2127.19 km2 in summer and1915.70 km2 in winter. In actual distribution area of Marco Polo sheep in thenorthwestern part of the reserve the potential suitable habitat area in summer is1095.48 km2, and the winter is 1072.82 km2. The suitable habitat of Marco Polo sheepis concentrated in the actual distribution area. Due to human disturbance, the actualhabitat loss rates of Marco Polo sheep in the reserve in summer and winter were 18.43% and 17.14% respectively. The actual suitable habitat loss rates in the actualdistribution area were 33.65% and 28.58% respectively, indicating that the impact byhuman activities is large in the actual distribution area and it should be protected. Onconclusion, the key impact factors were G314 and grazing activities. The landscapefragmentation index indicates that there are few high-quality habitat patches suitablefor the survival of Marco Polo sheep, and the fragmentation is serious, which limits itsavailability and selectivity to a considerable extent. Based on the above researchresults, the author proposes to promote the healthy development of the Marco Polosheep population by implementing ecological compensation mechanisms,constructing ecological corridors, restricting graze, and rationally adjusting thefunctional areas of reserve. |
| Subject Area | 生态学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15287 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 陈强强. 新疆塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区马可波罗盘羊种群分布与生境适宜性评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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