KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 意大利苍耳（Xanthium italicum Moretti）入侵过程中化感物质对土壤功能真菌的影响及其生态学意义 | |
| Alternative Title | Effects of allelochemicals on soil functional fungi during the invasion process of Xanthium italicum Moretti and their ecological significances |
| 周世兴 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 邵华 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 意大利苍耳 化感作用 植物-土壤反馈效应 生物入侵 入侵机理 Xanthium italicum Allelopathy Biological invasion Invasion mechanism Plant-soil feedback (PSF) |
| Abstract | 生物入侵已经成为全球性的人类公共关注的重大问题，并引起了各国政府的高度重视， 尤其是像中国这样的发展中国家。随着国际贸易自由化进程的不断增长、 交通便利并人类活动加剧以及经济一体化进程的加速，外来入侵植物所产生的危害逐年增加，从而带来相当严重的后果。近年来我国外来有害生物入侵的频率急剧升高，危险性不断增加，每年都能发现新的入侵物种。意大利苍耳 (Xanthium italicum Moretti)为菊科苍耳属植物， 其原产地为美洲， 1991 年首次发现于北京。 由于意大利苍耳生态适应性强，在群落中极易形成单一优势种，对入侵地的农业、畜牧业和生物多样性造成严重危害，我国早在 1997 年就将其列为了我国入境检疫 3 类有害生物。本研究通过分离鉴定意大利苍耳产生的影响土壤功能真菌的活性化合物来深度解析化感物质的作用机理，为后期对意大利苍耳的综合防控及利用提供理论依据。（1）对已知化感物的实验结果显示： 意大利苍耳挥发油、阿魏酸、 绿原酸、苍耳亭和黄质宁都具有低浓度时促进有害真菌链格孢和镰刀菌的生长而抑制有益真菌木霉的作用。说明以上物质可能是促进意大利苍耳入侵的有效化感物。（2）对意大利苍耳提取物的活性分离跟踪实验显示：意大利苍耳植株提取物中确有特定化合物促进了有害真菌而抑制有益菌的生长，经过活性跟踪的分离实验，目前即将将该化合物分离纯化，并有待后续实验。（3）对意大利苍耳加入真菌的盆栽实验的结果显示：有害真菌与有益真菌均可促进意大利苍耳的生长，且有害真菌的促进作用强于有益菌木霉。（4）对意大利苍耳挥发油进行制备薄层层析（PTLC）， 意大利苍耳挥发油的主要成分柠檬烯可通过 PTLC 法分离纯化，但其他有效活性物质因含量较少而无法通过此法分离纯化。 |
| Other Abstract | Biological invasion has become a major issue of global public concern and hasattracted great attention of governments, especially in developing countries such asChina. With the increasing process of international trade liberalization, convenienttransportation, intensified human activities and the acceleration of economicintegration, the harm caused by invasive alien plants has increased year by year,which has brought about quite serious consequences. In recent years, the frequency ofinvasive species has risen sharply in China, along with potential damage they mightcause. Xanthium italicum Moretti belongs to the genus Xanthium of Compositae,which originated in America. Because of its strong ecological adaptability, X. italicumis easy to form a monoculture in the community, which causes serious harm to theagriculture, animal husbandry and biodiversity of the invading areas. It has been listedas one of the three kinds of harmful weeds in China's entry quarantine in 1997. In thisstudy, the mechanism of allelochemicals was deeply analyzed by isolating andidentifying the active compounds produced by X. italicum which affect soil functionalfungi, so as to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive control and utilizationof X. italicum in the later stage.(1) The experimental results of known allelochemicals showed that the volatileoils of X. italicum, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, xanthatin and xanthinin all had theeffects of promoting the growth of harmful fungi Alternaria alternate and Fusariumsolani and inhibiting beneficial fungi Trichoderma atroviride at low concentrations.These results suggest that the above substances may be effective allelochemicals topromote X. italicum invasion.(2) Activity guided fraction of X. italicum extracts showed that: There is indeedsome compounds in the extracts of X. italicum that promotes harmful fungi andinhibits the growth of beneficial fungi. After the separation experiment of activetracking, the compound will be separated and purified soon, and further experimentsare needed.(3) Pot experiment on X. italicum with fungi showed that both harmful fungi andbeneficial fungi could promote the growth of X. italicum, and harmful fungi couldpromote the growth of X. italicum better than beneficial fungi Trichoderma.(4) The essential oil of X. italicum was prepared by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC). Limonene, the main component of X. italicum volatile oil,could be separated and purified by PTLC, but other effective active substances couldnot be separated and purified by this method because of its low content. |
| Subject Area | 植物学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15306 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 周世兴. 意大利苍耳（Xanthium italicum Moretti）入侵过程中化感物质对土壤功能真菌的影响及其生态学意义[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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