KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 微塑料对仓鼠的生物毒理效应 | |
| Alternative Title | The toxic effects of microplastic on hamster |
| 孙尚 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 潘响亮 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 聚丙烯 锑 仓鼠 毒理 微塑料 Polypropylene Antimony Hamster Toxicity Microplastic |
| Abstract | 近 10 年， 环境中微塑料的存在对全球环境造成的危害以及其对人体健康的威胁受到了广泛关注。生物体摄入塑料后其中含有的添加剂在生物体内释放的问题也受到越来越多的关注。本文利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察不规则混合粒径聚丙烯塑料在仓鼠体内的积累状况，粒径和组织差异是影响聚丙烯塑料积累的主要影响因素。单一研究微塑料的生物积累无法准确判断微塑料对生物体的影响，因此在研究生物积累的基础之上，我们进行了长期实验，研究了微塑料暴露后，仓鼠对积累在体内的微塑料的排出状况。目前我们所使用的的塑料多为复合型塑料，这种类型的塑料被生物体所误食后，其中的添加物质同样可能会对生物体产生一定的危害，因此我们在前期实验的基础上，模拟了使用较多的含锑防火塑料在火灾后，被仓鼠误食后对生物体的影响，利用模拟胃肠液实验、 HE 染色、单细胞凝胶电泳技术测量含锑防火塑料摄入后对仓鼠的生物毒理效应。本研究的主要结论如下：(1)荧光聚丙烯微粒被仓鼠摄入后，其不仅存在于仓鼠的肠道，且可以通过循环系统进入仓鼠的肝脏、心脏等器官并在其中积累，粒径和组织差异是荧光聚丙烯微粒进入各组织器官并在其中积累的主要影响因素。荧光聚丙烯微粒可以在肠道中的积累粒径在 30 μm 以下，肝脏 25 μm 以下，心脏 5 μm 以下，且肝脏中积累效应最为明显，心脏对荧光聚丙烯微粒的积累效应最不明显。除积累效应外，肠道中的荧光聚丙烯微粒发生了一定的老化效应。(2)仓鼠一次性摄入 10 mg 荧光聚丙烯微粒基本可以随粪便排出体外，并且粒径是排出的影响因素，至 4 天时基本可以随粪便排出体外， 仅少量小于 20 μm颗粒未排出体外。而在连续暴露七天后， 肝脏中积累的荧光聚丙烯微粒可以通过解毒系统逐渐排出体外，并且肝脏中的大颗粒可以被肝脏分解为小颗粒后排出体外， 排出路径为荧光物质随着肝脏分泌的胆汁通过胆管进入肠道，排出体外。(3)不同温度处理后的氧化锑聚丙烯微粒被仓鼠摄入体内后，其中含有的锑元素在胃肠中释放，其中部分锑元素随粪便及尿液排出体外，但仍有部分进入肝脏、心脏等器官，并对肝脏、心脏产生一定的损伤作用。肝脏、心脏细胞损伤程度与氧化锑聚丙烯微粒摄入存在一定联系，细胞损伤程度随氧化锑聚丙烯处理温度的升高而加剧。 |
| Other Abstract | In recent years, microplastics have been increasingly recognized as a globalenvironmental threat and health hazard to human populations. The transfer of flameretardants from ingested plastics to animal tissues is receiving increasing attention. Inthis paper, the accumulation of polypropylene microplastics in hamsters was analyzed,using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The size-dependent microplastic andvarying tissue are the main factors which are highly associated with the accumulationof polypropylene. The accumulation of microplastics is not enough for understandingof the toxic effect on organisms, so the release of accumulated microplastics inhamsters was considered as well, and several types of complicate plastics were usedin the present study, plastic maybe uptaken by organisms by mistake, thus the addedsubstances may pose threat to them. Therefore, the antimony containing plastic after afire were used to simulate the effects on hamsters. The biological toxicological effectsof antimony containing fire-resistant plastics on hamsters were measured bysimulating gastrointestinal fluid test, HE staining and single cell gel electrophoresis.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1) Polypropylene microparticles can be accumulated in liver, heart and otherorgans of hamsters. The size dependent and varying tissue are the main factorsreleated to accumulation. But polypropylene microplastic of less than 30 μm canaccumulate in the hamster gut, and the microplastics less than 25 μm and 5 μm arelikely in liver and heart respectively. Moreover, the accumulation effect is the mostobvious in the liver, and the accumulation effect is not obvious in the heart. Inaddition, polypropylene microplastic have a certain aging effect on gut.(2) A single dose of 10 mg polypropylene microplastic can be excreted withfeces. It can be fully excreted from body with feces until 4 days,, and only a smallamount of particle which less than 20 μm are not excreted. Polypropylenemicroplastic accumulated in the liver can be gradually eliminated through adetoxification system. The large polypropylene microplastic can be decomposed into small particles in the liver and then excreted from body. Polypropylene microplasticwith the bile secreted by the liver enters the intestine from the bile duct and isexcreted.(3) Hamsters ingested antimony oxide polypropylene particles treated at differenttemperatures, antimony elements released in the gastrointestinal tract., some antimonyelements were discharged from the body with feces and urine, some transferred toliver, heart and other organs. This would cause damage to the liver and heart to someextend. The degree of damage of liver and heart cells was related to the intake ofantimony polypropylene oxide particles. The degree of cell damage was increasedwith the increasing of temperature for antimony oxide polypropylene treatment. |
| Subject Area | 环境科学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15312 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 孙尚. 微塑料对仓鼠的生物毒理效应[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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