KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 可降解地膜对干旱区土壤环境和作物生长的影响 | |
| Alternative Title | Effects of degradable plastic film on soil environment and crop growth in arid areas |
| 邓路 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 于瑞德 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 可降解地膜 土壤环境 生物量 模型模拟 气候变化 degradable mulch soil environment biomass model simulation climate change |
| Abstract | 覆膜技术在干旱半干旱地区的农业生产活动中被广泛使用。新疆是水资源缺乏地区， 同时也是残膜污染最严重的地区之一， 而使用可降解地膜能在一定程度上缓解残膜污染。为探明在农业生产活动中使用生物可降解地膜替代普通聚乙烯塑料地膜的可行性， 解决残膜污染问题， 本研究在干旱区进行田间试验， 以裸地栽培为对照， 对比研究使用塑料地膜、 两种颜色全生物可降解地膜的效果， 探究了不同覆膜方式对土壤环境和作物生长的影响。并利用不同气候情景模式下的数据驱动 DeNitrification-DeComposition（DNDC） 模型， 模拟预测在未来气候条件下作物生物量的变化情况， 并分析了覆膜技术在未来气候条件下的适应性， 为干旱区农业生产管理以及全生物可降解地膜的推广应用提供科学依据。主要结论如下：（1） 可降解地膜的降解速率明显快于塑料地膜。 透明和黑色的可降解地膜在铺设后的 60 天内保持较完整的形态， 140 天后降解较为充分； 而塑料地膜在覆膜后 90 天后出现细小裂纹， 140 天后依然保持较为完整的形态。（2） 农田土壤中的微塑料含量随种植年限增加。 其中使用塑料地膜时土壤中微塑料含量增加速率显著大于使用可降解地膜和裸地， 而且粒径较小的微塑料含量增速较快。（3） 覆膜对土壤环境产生了多方面的影响。 首先， 三种覆膜都提高了土壤温度和土壤含水量， 但可降解地膜的效果随着时间推移而减弱。 其次， 覆膜对土壤中的多种元素含量和酶活性产生了影响。 总体上， 使用塑料地膜和两种可降解地膜时， 土壤中的碳、 氮含量， 酶活性均无显著差异。 四种处理下， 土壤总有机碳、 轻组有机碳、 土颗粒碳含量差异不显著（P>0.05） ； 土壤微生物量碳含量与土壤酶活性存在正相关。 三种覆膜处理和裸地处理相比， 土壤全氮、 硝态氮、 铵态氮含量降低（P<0.05） ， 微生物有机碳含量增加（P<0.05） ； 土壤蔗糖酶、 中性磷酸酶、 脲酶活性在第一年无显著差异（P>0.05） ， 随着种植年限增加， 各种酶的活性也逐渐增加， 最终达到显著水平（P<0.05） 。 使用覆膜与裸地相比能一定程度上改变土壤中盐分含量， 对土壤的 pH 值和电导率影响较小。（4） 使用塑料地膜和可降解地膜均能显著提升玉米的株高、 茎粗、 叶面积以及生物量， 但是三种覆膜之间的株高、 茎粗、 叶面积、 生物量差异不显著。（5） 经过率定后的 DNDC 模型能较好的模拟覆膜和不覆膜情况下玉米和棉花生物量的变化情况， 在该地区适用性较好。 利用三种不同气候情景模式下的气温、 降水、 大气二氧化碳浓度等数据驱动 DNDC 模型， 对未来气候情景模式下玉米和棉花的生物量进行模拟， 模拟结果显示： 和基准气候模式相比， 玉米的生物量在-6.5%-10.3%之间波动， 棉花在-8.7%-180.1%之间波动。 多模式集和平均条件下， 玉米生物量提高 0.2%-1.5%， 棉花生物量提高 18.6%-33.7%， 说明未来气候条件可能是有利于玉米和棉花生物量的提高， 棉花提高的幅度更大。 种植玉米时， 覆膜对生物量的提高幅度小于裸地， 而种植棉花时， 覆膜对生物量的提高幅度大于裸地。（6） 利用灰色关联分析法对不同的覆膜技术进行综合效益评价得出： 短期内塑料地膜的使用效果优于可降解地膜， 长期使用时， 可降解地膜的效果优于塑料地膜。综上所述， 可降解地膜在对土壤环境、 作物生长、 生物量累积等方面的影响相比塑料地膜没有明显差异， 因此在干旱区使用全生物可降解地膜替代塑料地膜具有可行性， 并且有利于保护环境、 有利于农业可持续发展。 同时， 覆膜技术在未来气候条件下依然具有较好的适用性，长远来看，可降解地膜具有更大的优势。 |
| Other Abstract | Flim technology is widely used in agricultural production activities in arid andsemi-arid regions. Xinjiang is a region with a lack of water resources, and is one ofthe regions with the most serious residual film pollution. The use of degradable mulchfilm can alleviate residual film pollution to some extent. In order to find out thefeasibility of using biodegradable mulch film to replace ordinary polyethylene plasticmulch film in agricultural production activities and solve the problem of residual filmpollution, this study conducted field experiment in arid area, using bare soilcultivation as control, and comparative studied the effect on soil environment andcrop growth using plastic mulch film and two colors of biodegradable mulch film.The data under different climate scenarios was used to driveDeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model and simulate the change of cropbiomass under future climatic conditions, and the adaptability of the mulchingtechnology in future climatic conditions was analyzed. Agricultural productionmanagement and the promotion and application of biodegradable mulch films providea scientific basis. The main conclusions were as follows:(1) The degradation rate of the degradable film was significantly faster than thatof the plastic film. The transparent and black degradable mulch film maintained arelatively complete shape within 60 days after laying, and the degradation wassufficient after 140 days; while the plastic mulch film showed fine cracks 90 daysafter laying, and remained relatively intact after 140 days.(2) The content of micro-plastics in farmland soil increased with the age ofplanting. When plastic mulch was used, the rate of increase of micro-plastic content insoil was significantly higher than that of degradable mulch film and bare land, and themicro-plastic content with smaller particle size increased faster.(3) The film has a multi-faceted impact on the soil environment. First, all threetypes of film increasd soil temperature and soil water content, but the effect of degradable film decreased with time. Secondly, the film had an effect on thecontent of various elements and enzyme activity in the soil. In general, when usingplastic mulch and two degradable mulch films, there was no significant difference incarbon, nitrogen content and enzyme activity in the soil. Under the four treatments,the soil total organic carbon, light organic carbon and soil carbon content were notsignificantly different (P>0.05); soil microbial biomass carbon content was positivelycorrelated with soil enzyme activity. Compared with bare land treatment, soil nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content decreased (P<0.05), microbialorganic carbon content increased (P<0.05); soil invertase, neutral phosphatase Therewas no significant difference in urease activity in the first year (P>0.05). As theplanting years increased, the activities of various enzymes gradually increased, andfinally reached a significant level (P<0.05). Compared with bare land, the use of thefilm can change the salt content of the soil to a certain extent, and had little effect onthe pH value and conductivity of the soil.(4) The use of plastic mulch and degradable mulch film increased the plantheight, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of maize significantly, but the plantheight, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass difference between the three mulch filmswere not significant.(5) The DNDC model after the rate determination could simulate the changes ofbiomass of corn and cotton under the condition of film mulching and non-filmmulching better, and had good applicability in this area. The DNDC model was drivenby data such as temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric carbon dioxideconcentration in three different climate scenarios to simulate the biomass of corn andcotton in future climate scenarios. The simulation results showed that compared withthe baseline climate model, corn biomass fluctuates between -6.5% and 10.3%, andcotton fluctuates between -8.7% and 180.1%. Under multi-mode set and averageconditions, corn biomass increased by 0.2%-1.5%, and cotton biomass increased by18.6%-33.7%, indicating that future climatic conditions may be beneficial to corn and cotton biomass, and cotton increased more. When planting corn, the increase ofbiomass in the film was less than that in bare land, and when cotton was planted, theincrease in biomass of the film was greater than that in bare land.(6) Using gray correlation analysis method to evaluate the comprehensive benefitof different film-coating techniques: The short-term use of plastic film was better thanthat of degradable film. When used for a long time, the effect of degradable film wasbetter than that of plastic film.In summary, the effect of degradable mulch film on soil environment, cropgrowth, biomass accumulation, etc. was not significantly different from plastic mulchfilm. Therefore, it is feasible to use biodegradable mulch film instead of plastic mulchfilm in arid area. Conducive to the protection of the environment and to thesustainable development of agriculture. At the same time, the film mulchingtechnology still had good applicability in future climatic conditions. In the long run,the degradable mulch film has greater advantages. |
| Subject Area | 自然地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15322 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 邓路. 可降解地膜对干旱区土壤环境和作物生长的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
| Files in This Item: | There are no files associated with this item. | |||||
Items in the repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
Edit Comment