KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 真盐生植物炭特性及其对酸性土壤改良应用的研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Study on Biochar Characteristics of Halophytes and its Application of Acid Soil Improvement |
| 毛明月 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 田长彦 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 工程硕士 |
| Keyword | 盐生植物 生物炭 炭化条件 酸性土壤 理化特性 Halophyte Biochar Carbonization conditions Acid soil Physical and chemical properties |
| Abstract | 新疆是中国最大盐土分布区，其盐生植物资源极为丰富且具有较强的吸盐与聚盐能力。为了解不同盐生植物所制备生物炭特性差异，评价其在酸性土壤改良等农业领域的应用价值。本研究共选取盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）、盐角草（Salicornia europaea）、高碱蓬（Suaeda altissima）、野榆钱菠菜（Atripex aucheriMoq.）、盐穗木（Halostachys caspica） 5 种盐生植物为研究对象。 为了解不同原材料之间生物炭特性的差异，在马弗炉中于 500℃温度下炭化这 5 种盐生植物制备生物炭，通过理化性质分析来探讨盐生植物原材料对生物炭特性差异的影响；以盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）、盐角草（Salicornia europaea） 为原材料研究不同炭化温度、不同炭化时间制备生物炭特性差异；再通过对比高碱蓬（Suaedaaltissima）、野榆钱菠菜（Atripex aucheri Moq.）、盐穗木（Halostachys caspica）在秸秆状态和粉碎状态下炭化制备生物炭研究不同预处理对生物炭特性的影响；另外通过土培实验研究不同生物炭、不同添加量对酸性土壤特性及作物生长的影响。以期为盐生植物炭在改良酸性土壤及炭化原材料、 炭化工艺选择等方面提供基础数据及新的参考， 获得以下主要研究结果：（1） 生物炭产率与原材料灰分含量显著正相关，而与木质素含量负相关。原材料物质组成决定生物炭的物质组成。 5 种盐生植物炭灰分含量为 20.22%-68.37%，比原材料生物质灰分增加 67.23%-169.32%。除盐角草炭的全碳含量降低了 9.01%外，其他 4 种植物均有所增加，其中野榆钱菠菜炭最高达 65.16%。 盐角草炭的产率（49.99%）、灰分（68.37%）、盐基离子、全量氮磷钾含量明显较高于其他植物，在生物炭选用方面应优先考虑。本研究为盐生植物炭在改良酸性土壤、炭化原材料选择等方面提供基础数据及新的参考。（2） 随着炭化温度的升高，生物炭 pH、 EC、灰分含量增加，生物炭的产量降低。高温＞400℃炭化条件下生物炭水溶性 Ca2+、 Mg2+会发生固结作用，含量降低。生物炭中 C、 N 含量由于燃烧和挥发的原因随温度的升高而降低，而 K、P 含量随温度的升高而增加。随着炭化时间的增加， pH、 EC 及灰分含量逐渐升高，碳含量逐渐降低，主要是由于持续炭化生物炭灰化所致，并因此增加了生物炭水溶性离子。本研究中当炭化时间为 2h 时，生物炭产率最高，某些理化特性同样出现极值。考虑制备成本及生物炭稳定性，炭化时间 2h 为最适宜的炭化时间。（3） 粉碎状态下制备的生物炭产率、灰分含量、 pH、 EC 值高于秸秆状态下制备的生物炭。在 300-600℃范围，随着温度的增加两者特性差异逐渐减小。 粉碎状态下制备的生物炭 Mg2+、 K+、 Na+含量及阳离子含量总量显著高于秸秆状态下制备的生物炭（P＜0.05）， 并且随着温度的增加两者特性差异逐渐减小。（4） 添加 0.2%盐生植物炭，豌豆生物量有所增加；添加量≥0.4%抑制豌豆生长，主要由于盐分胁迫导致。添加盐角草制备的生物炭能够有效增加 pH、 EC值， pH 最高增加了 0.36，并且随着添加量的增加， EC 值逐渐增加；添加盐地碱蓬炭，添加量＜0.8%时，土壤 pH 低于对照处理，随着添加量的增加， pH 逐渐增加，在添加量为 0.8%， pH 增加了 0.35。添加盐生植物炭能够速效增加土壤水溶性离子含量，并且随着添加量的增加，逐渐增加，不同盐生植物炭对土壤水溶性离子含量影响效果不同。添加盐生植物炭能够增加酸性土壤有机碳、速效磷及速效钾含量，并且随着添加量的增加，含量逐渐增加；对铵态氮、硝态氮的影响不显著。 |
| Other Abstract | The area of saline soil is largest in Xinjiang province of China. Halophyte speciesrooted in this area is plentiful, and has strong capability of salt uptake and accumulation.This research aimed to distinguish the characteristics of biochar carbonized fromdifferent halophyts and evaluated its application value in agriculture, especially in acidsoil amelioration. In this study, five species (Suaeda salsa, Salicornia europaea, Suaedaaltissima, Atripex aucheri Moq., Halostachys caspica) were chosen as raw materials todetermine the biochar physicochemical properties under 500 ℃ carbonizationcondition. The differences in biochar characteristics between different carbonizationtemperatures and different carbonization time were studied in Suaeda salsa andSalicornia europaea. The characteristics of biochar carbonized from straw and powderof Suaeda altissima, Atripex aucheri Moq. and Halostachys caspica were compared,respectively. In addition, this paper investigated the effects of halophytic biochar onacidic soil remediation and crop growth in southern China. Pot experiments wereconducted to determine the effects of different contents of halophytic biochar on soilacidity, alkalinity, nutrients and pea seedling growth. The following main researchresults were obtained:(1)The results showed that the biochar yield was positively correlated with the rawmaterial ash content (P<0.01). There was a significant correlation between raw materialand the biochar in ash content and total carbon content (P<0.01). In addition, the contentof the elements in the raw materials determines the amount of elemental content in thebiochar. noticeably, carbonization effectively increase the ash content in five halophytes,132.46% of Suaeda salsa, 91.60% of Salicornia europaea, 124.89% of Suaedaaltissima, and Atripex aucheri Moq. was 169.32% and the Halostachys caspica was67.23%, respectively. The total carbon content of Salicornia europaea decreased by9.01% after carbonization, while other plants increased. In addition, carbonization caneffectively increase the pH (70.66%-82.22%) and EC (67.93%-143.96%) values ofhalophytes. Considering the high yield, ash and cation content of biochar of Salicorniaeuropaea, this plant is the optimum material for biochar preparation.(2)The results showed that under the condition of high temperature（＞400℃）carbonized biochar water-soluble Ca2+, Mg2+ consolidation will happen the content is lower. Biochar contains a large number of nutrients. In addition to higher C content, thecontents of N, P and K are also higher. The contents of C and N decrease with theincrease of temperature due to combustion and volatilization, while the contents of Kand P increase with the increase of temperature. With the increase of carbonization time,pH, EC and ash content gradually increased and carbon content gradually decreased,mainly due to the continuous carbonization of biochar and the increase of biochar watersoluble ions. In this study, when the carbonization time was 2h, the biochar yield wasthe highest, and some physical and chemical properties also showed extreme values.Considering the preparation cost and biochar stability, the carbonization time of 2h isthe most suitable carbonization time.(3)It was found that the biochar yield, ash content, pH and EC were higher thanthose prepared under the condition of straw. In the range 300~600℃ , differencedecreases with the increase of temperature the characteristics. In 300 ~ 600 ℃ ,compared to Suaeda altissima, Atripex aucheri Moq., Halostachys caspica straw andshattered state under preparation biochar can be found that two different preparationconditions of biochar characteristics differ. The content of Mg2+, K+, Na+ and cationiccontent in the comminuted state were significantly higher than those in the straw state(P<0.05), and the difference of their characteristics gradually decreased with theincrease of temperature.(4)The results showed that halophytic biochar significantly inhibited plant growth(P<0.05) at the addition level of 0.2%~0.8%, and the inhibition was enhanced with theincrease of the addition level. Compared with the addition level of 0, the inhibitionranges of Suaeda salsa and Salicornia europaea were -8.27%~52.741% and13.38%~60.88%, respectively. The pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and water-solubleion content of the soil were increased by 0.35, and the water-soluble ion contentincreased gradually with the increase of the addition amount. The content of nitratenitrogen in soil was increased by adding the biochar of Suaeda salsa and Salicorniaeuropaea. The addition of biochar can effectively increase the content of availablephosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil, and the content gradually increaseswith the increase of the addition amount. This study provides a new reference for theselection of raw materials and additives of biochar for improving acidic soil. |
| Subject Area | 环境工程 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15330 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 毛明月. 真盐生植物炭特性及其对酸性土壤改良应用的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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