KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 新疆乡村发展水平类型划分及发展路径研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Rural development level classification and development path in oasis field of Xinjiang |
| 武圣钦 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨德刚 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 乡村振兴战略 多功能主义 内生发展理论 可持续发展 农业产业化 人口 少数民族 干旱区 绿洲经济 新疆 Rural revitalization strategy Multi-functionalism Endogenous development theory Sustainable development Agricultural industrialization Population Ethnic minorities Arid regions Oasis economy Xinjiang |
| Abstract | 乡村发展问题已然成为我国区域发展过程中面对的主要问题，事关乡村农牧民生活福祉、社会和谐稳定与国家的长治久安。中国国土偌大，东西、南北差异悬殊，在乡村振兴战略提出的大背景下，我国需要立足西北干旱区绿洲经济系统的乡村发展研究。鉴于此，本研究梳理了国内外已有的乡村研究成果，确立了研究的理论框架，从新疆维吾尔自治区实际出发，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，在借鉴相关研究的基础上，确立了乡村发展评价指标体系；基于 2016 年统计数据和实地调研情况，量化了新疆各县市单元乡村的发展情况，对新疆乡村进行了发展水平类型划分；总结了制约新疆乡村发展的主要因素，根据发展现状和制约因素并提出了未来的发展路径。具体结论主要有：（1）国内外研究进展上， 西方发达国家的乡村研究重点主要集中在乡村多功能主义、网络发展理论和内生发展理论上；我国乡村发展研究则主要表现在服务国家的大政方针和区域发展战略。（2）新疆县域经济水平及农村居民生产生活水平普遍低于同期全国水平，有一半以上的县市，农村居民的可支配收入不及全国平均水平；农村居民兼业化程度低，部分区域甚至不存在农民兼业化现象。新疆乡村综合发展水平区域差异显著，阿克苏、喀什、和田地区乡村综合发展水平相似，普遍较低， 乡村综合发展水平较高的区域主要集中在天山北坡经济带上。（3） 绿洲经济的局限性和基础设施欠缺， 制约着新疆维吾尔自治区的乡村发展。论文利用计量经济学模型定量分析得出，乡村特征因素及人口因素对乡村发展有重要的影响，其中人口出生率对乡村发展有显著的负面影响作用，而人均耕地面积，人均固定资产投资则对乡村发展有显著的正面影响。（4）本研究将新疆乡村划分成三种类型，高水平专业化发展型、中等水平探索发展型、低水平孤立发展型，并针对其发展的主要制约因素，提出了差异化的发展路径。专业化发展型乡村应优化地方产业结构，推进城乡融合发展；探索发展型乡村应积极培育特色产业形成龙头企业，打造品牌经济，因地制宜推进城镇化建设；孤立发展型乡村应继续增加基础设施建设，同时着力发展教育事业，引导人们发展特色手工业。 |
| Other Abstract | The issue of rural development has now become a major problem in the processof regional development in China, and it is related to the welfare of rural residents,regional harmony and stability. China's regional differences are large. Under thebackground of the rural revitalization strategy, China needs to study the ruraldevelopment of the oasis economic system in the arid regions of Northwest China.This study combs the existing rural research results at home and abroad, andestablishes the theoretical framework of the research. From the actual situation ofXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, using the combination of quantitative andqualitative research methods, based on the relevant research, the rural developmentevaluation indicator system is established. Based on the 2016 statistics and fieldresearch, the development of rural units in various counties and cities in Xinjiang wasquantified, and the main factors restricting the development of rural areas in Xinjiangwere summarized. According to the development status and constraints, the Xinjiangrural areas have been divided into development types, and the future developmentpath is proposed. The research results are concluded as follows:(1) In the research progress at home and abroad, the rural research focus ofwestern developed countries is mainly concentrated on rural multi-functionalism,network development theory and endogenous development theory; China's ruraldevelopment research is mainly reflected in the policy and regional development ofserving the country strategy.(2) The economic level of Xinjiang's counties and the production and livingstandards of rural residents are generally lower than the national level. More than halfof the counties and cities, the disposable income of rural residents is lower than thenational average; the degree of rural residents is low, and there is no phenomenon ofpeasant concurrentization in some areas. The regional differences in ruralcomprehensive development in Xinjiang are significant. The comprehensive development level of rural areas in Aksu, Kashi and Hotan is similar, generally low,and the areas with higher comprehensive rural development level are mainlyconcentrated in the economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan.(3) The limitations of the oasis economy and the lack of infrastructure restrict therural development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The paper uses theeconometric model to quantitatively analyze that rural characteristic factors andpopulation factors have an important impact on rural development. The birth rate hasa significant negative impact on rural development, while the per capita arable landarea and per capita fixed assets investment have a significant positive impact on ruraldevelopment.(4) This study divides the rural areas of Xinjiang into three types, high-levelspecialized developmental countryside, mid-level exploring developmentalcountryside, and low-level isolated developmental countryside, and proposes adifferentiated development path for the main constraints of its development.High-level specialized developmental countryside should optimize local industrialstructure and promote urban-rural integration development; mid-level exploringdevelopmental countryside should actively cultivate characteristic industries to formleading enterprises, build brand economy, and promote urbanization according tolocal conditions; low-level isolated developmental countryside should continue toincrease infrastructure construction. At the same time, the government should focuson the development of education and guide people to develop characteristichandicrafts. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15365 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 武圣钦. 新疆乡村发展水平类型划分及发展路径研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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