KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 膜下滴灌对绿洲农田蒸散发影响研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Effect of mulched drip irrigation on evapotranspiration of oasis farmland |
| 张振宇 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 李小玉 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 膜下滴灌 传统灌溉 蒸散发 彭曼公式 SEBAL 模型 Mulched drip irrigation Ordinary irrigation Evapotranspiration Penman formula SEBAL model |
| Abstract | 膜下滴灌是中国西北干旱区农业的新兴节水灌溉模式，定量分析膜下滴灌农田蒸散发特征并对比分析其与传统灌溉农田蒸散发的差异，对认识膜下滴灌对农田蒸散影响及优化干旱区节水灌溉技术有着重要意义。然而传统的研究侧重于通过单方面的实验分析膜下滴灌农田的蒸散特征，缺乏与传统灌溉农田的对比； 同时单一空间尺度(站点)的实验无法代表区域尺度上的结果。 本研究以新疆玛纳斯河流域与三工河流域绿洲为对象，分别从站点尺度和区域尺度上对定量分析了膜下滴灌对绿洲农田蒸散的影响，同时基于作物种植空间分布数据对膜下滴灌模式下不同作物农田的蒸散特征进行比较分析。 结果表明：(1)玛纳斯河流域多年站点年实际蒸散量结果显示， 膜下滴灌的推广使用，有提升了区域蒸散发水平态势，但是这种态势未通过显著性检验(P>0.05)，针对全年水平上的膜下滴灌对绿洲农田的蒸散作用有待进一步研究。但是站点实际蒸散量季度结果显示， 春夏季膜下滴灌对绿洲农田蒸散的促进作用通过显著性检验(P<0.05)，秋季与冬季实际蒸散相较于传统灌溉时期变化不大。 进一步研究显示，膜下滴灌对地表蒸散的促进作用在 5 月和 6 月最明显，7 月和 8 月增长速度其次，3 月和 4 月增长较为平缓。对作物耗水量的计算结果显示，应用膜下滴灌后站点农田作物的耗水量提升明显，进一步的，我们计算了各灌溉时期的灌溉水利用率，结果表明膜下滴灌时期的灌溉水利用率得到了有效提升， 灌溉水利用率的提升保证了作物更充足的供水， 保证了作物更有效的的生长发育。(2)多年三工河流域绿洲农田蒸散量空间结果显示夏季各(6—8 月)平行日期下膜下滴灌时期农田蒸散量显著高于传统灌溉时期农田蒸散量，这表明膜下滴灌的推广使用促进了夏季农田蒸散强度。同时这也从区域尺度上印证了站点尺度蒸散的部分结果。同日期下净辐射通量的增加是造成绿洲膜下滴灌农田蒸散水平高于传统灌溉农田的主要原因， 此外同时膜下滴灌时期农田的感热通量与土壤热通量也均高于传统灌溉时期农田， 但这两者的增加幅度远小于净辐射通量。 研究同时利用 TVDI 指数对传统灌溉时期与膜下滴灌时期农田的干旱程度进行了反演与比较，结果表明， 同时期膜下滴灌农田的平均干旱程度均小于传统灌溉农田，同时膜下滴灌农田内部的干旱程度差异更小，膜下滴灌显著改善了夏季传统灌溉农田土壤水分分布不均的特征。(3)膜下滴灌农田日蒸散量随时间变化特征明显，在 5 至 9 月期间，农田日蒸散量先增后减，其中 6 至 7 月份是农田日蒸散量最大时期，自 7 月中旬后农田日蒸散量开始下降。同时基于流域绿洲各主要作物种植分布及物候数据，结合日蒸散量数据，研究估算了 5 种主要作物在全生育期的耗水量，结果表明，向日葵农田耗水量最大，为 607.95 mm，其次为玉米(563.3 mm)、小麦(544.9 mm)、葡萄(515.78 mm)和打瓜(492.55 mm)。流域内不同作物农田的各地表通量变化结果显示，除小麦农田外，其他作物农田净辐射通量与日蒸散量变化状况一致，均呈现先增后降态势，且变化时间点也一致。土壤热通量方面，除小麦外的其他农田土壤热通量随时间推移均呈现下降态势；感热通量上，除小麦外的其他农田在作物主要成长期(6—7 月)出现了明显的低值“洼地”，整体上呈现先降后增特点。 |
| Other Abstract | Mulched drip irrigation is a burgeoning water-saving irrigation mode in the aridregion of northwest China. It is of great significance to understand and optimizemulched drip irrigation in arid region by analyzing the characteristics ofevapotranspiration in mulched drip irrigated farmland and comparing it with ordinaryirrigated farmland. However, traditional research focuses on analyzing theevapotranspiration characteristics of mulched drip irrigation by unilateral experiments,this approach lacks contrast with ordinary irrigated farmland. Meanwhile, thoseexperiments on a single spatial scale (site) cannot represent results on a regional scale.We took the manas river basin and sangong river basin oasis in Xinjiang Uygurautonomous region as research objects and quantitatively analyzed the effect ofmulched drip irrigation on the evapotranspiration of oasis farmland on the site scaleand regional scale. At the same time, based on the spatial distribution data of cropplanting, we compared and analyzed the evapotranspiration characteristics of differentcrop fields under mulched drip irrigation mode. The results showed that:(1) The actual evapotranspiration results of weather stations in manas river basinfor many years showed that the level of regional evapotranspiration has beenimproved, but this trend has not passed the significance test (P > 0.05). The effect ofdrip irrigation under Mulch on the evapotranspiration of oasis farmland at the annuallevel needs to be further studied. Quarterly actual evapotranspiration results revealedthat actual evapotranspiration grew faster during summer in mulched drip irrigationperiods, followed by spring. The actual evapotranspiration in autumn and winterdidn’t change significantly. Further research showed that the promotion effect ofmulched drip irrigation on surface evapotranspiration was most obvious in May andJune, followed July and August, and least in March and April. The results of cropwater consumption showed that the water consumption of farmland increasedsignificantly after applying mulched drip irrigation. Furthermore, we calculated the irrigation water utilization rate during each irrigation period, and the results showedthat the irrigation water utilization rates during mulched drip irrigation period wereimproved effectively. The increase of irrigation water utilization rate ensured a moreadequate supply of water for crops which maintain crops’ growth and development.(2) Years’ spatial results of evapotranspiration in sangong river basin oasisfarmland showed the diary evapotranspiration of farmland during mulched dripirrigation were higher than that in ordinary irrigation period in each parallel date inSummar. These results were consistent with that on site scale. Meanwhile, theincrease of net radiant flux at the same date was the main reason for the promotion ofevapotranspiration during mulched drip irrigation period. Moreover, the sensible heatflux and soil heat flux of farmland during mulched drip irrigation were also higherthan that in ordinary irrigation period in each parallel date while with a lowersignificance. We also used the TVDI index to invert and compare the drought degreeof farmland during ordinary irrigation period and mulched drip irrigation and theresults revealed that the degree of drought in farmland during mulched drip irrigationwas weaker than that during ordinary irrigation. This indicated that mulched dripirrigation can improve the uneven distribution of soil moisture in farmland.(3) The evapotranspiration of mulched drip irrigation farmland was characterizedby time. From May to September, the daily evapotranspiration of farmland increasedfirstly and then decreased. The maximum evapotranspiration of farmland wasobserved during June to July. After mid-July, the evapotranspiration of farmlandbegan to decline. Furthermore, based on the distribution and phonological data of themain crops in sangong river basin oasis and combined with the dailyevapotranspiration data, we estimated the water consumption of the five main cropsduring the whole growth period. The results showed that Sunflower farmland’s waterconsumption was the most ( 607.95 mm), followed by corn (563.3 mm), wheat (544.9mm), grapes (515.78 mm) and melon (492.55 mm). Except for the wheat field, the netradiant flux of other crops was consistent with the change of daily evapotranspiration,and both showed a first increase and then a decrease. In terms of soil heat flux, thesoil heat flux of other crops’ farmland except wheat showed a downward trend with time. As for the sensible heat flux, the sensible heat flux of farmland except wheatappeared a low value of "squatting" in the main growth period of crops (June-July). |
| Subject Area | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15375 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 张振宇. 膜下滴灌对绿洲农田蒸散发影响研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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