KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 定量分析气候变化和人类活动对新疆草地生态系统 NPP 的影响 | |
| Alternative Title | Quantitative Analysis of The Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on Grassland Ecosystem NPP in Xinjiang |
| 赵鹏 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 于瑞德 |
| 2019-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | NPP 气候变化 人类活动 定量分析 草地生态系统 NPP climate change human activity quantitative analysis grassland ecosystem |
| Abstract | 陆地生态系统是人类赖以生存的环境基础， 也是经济发展展必不可少的条件。 植被是陆地生态系统中分布最广泛的主体， 对陆地生态系统物质和能量的流动循环具有重要影响。 随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧， 如何量化人类活动对陆地生态系统植被的作用已成为目前重要的研究热点。量化人类活动对陆地植被的影响将为陆地生态系统管理和服务的完善提供理论依据， 对陆地植被资源的合理利用和陆地生态系统可持续发展的实现具有重要意义。草地是新疆维吾尔自治区分布最广泛的植被类型， 在陆地碳循环中扮演着重要的角色， 定量评估气候变化和人类活动对于草地可持续利用和防止草地退化具有重要意义。 所以以新疆草地为研究区， 基于 GIMMS NDVI 3g 数据， 采用朱文泉改进的 CASA 模型和 Miami 模型计算新疆草地 1982~2015 年的实际净初级生产力（NPPa） 和生产潜力（NPPp） ， 利用趋势分析、 相关分析、 和比较人类活动对净初级生产力占用程度（NPPh） 和潜在净初级生产力（NPPp） 在每个像元的趋势变化率的绝对值定量分析新疆不同区域草地生态系统NPP变化的驱动力。研究结果表明： （1） 北疆地区 NPPa 和 NPPp 值高于南疆地区， 其中 NPPa 和NPPp 的最大值出现在伊犁河谷以及北疆地区， 小值出现在南疆地区。 整体上新疆草地 NPPa 和 NPPp 呈现出北高南低、 西高东低的格局。 （2） 从不同草地种类来看， 1982~2015 年间， 5 种不同草地类型的 NPPa 和 NPPp 都呈现了波动上升的趋势， NPPp 与 NPPa 的变化趋势一致。 （3） 不同行政区草地 NPPa 和 NPPp也具有一致性， 其中伊犁地区的 NPPa 和 NPPp 最高； 阿勒泰地区草地 34 年平均 NPPa 为 348.6 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第二位， NPPp 为 408.5 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第四位； 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的草地 34 年平均 NPPa 值为 314.8 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第三位， NPPp 为 442.5 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第二位； 塔城地区的草地 34 年平均 NPPa值 305.8 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第四位， NPPp 为 425.9 g C·m-2·a-1， 排在第三位。 草地NPPa 和 NPPp 较低的地区大部分位于东疆和南疆， 包括南部的和田、 喀什、 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州以及东部的哈密和吐鲁番地区。利用实际净初级生产力（NPPa） 和潜在净初级生产力（NPPp） 计算人类活动对新疆草地生态系统 NPP 的占用程度（NPPh），并通过比较每个像元 NPPp 和 NPPh的趋势变化率的绝对值来分析新疆不同区域草地生态系统 NPP 变化的驱动力。以 2000 年作为分界点，将研究时段 1982~2015 年分成 1982~2000 年与 2000~2015年两部分来比较。 研究结果表明： 1982~2015 年新疆草地以恢复为主。 1982~2000年， 气候因素是新疆 NPP 增加的主要因素， 气候因素主导的区域占草地总面积的 79.41%； 2000~2015 年， 相比于上个时段， 人类活动的对新疆草地生态系统的占用程度明显增强， 人类活动主导的区域占总面积的 43.03%。 同时， 人类活动主导 NPP 增加的面积占比由 18.71%上升到 27.87%， 主要位于塔里木盆地边缘以及准噶尔盆地西南地区。 生态保护工程促进了草地的生长。 人类活动导致 NPP减少的面积占比由 1.78%上升到 15.22%， 主要位于伊犁河谷、 阿尔泰山区南部以及塔城地区， 主要由放牧导致。 因此， 政府应该坚持实施生态保护工程， 并对其进行细化和具体化； 另外， 还需减少伊犁、 塔城和阿勒泰等放牧强度过大地区的牲畜量， 从而实现草畜动态平衡。选取新疆维吾尔自治区草地作为研究对象， 定量分析了气候变化和人类活动对新疆草地的影响， 探究人类活动对新疆地区草地的恢复和退化的影响， 为新疆草地的管理和服务提供了依据和建议。 |
| Other Abstract | Terrestrial ecosystems are the environmental basis for human survival and anindispensable condition for economic development. Vegetation is the most widelydistributed subject in terrestrial ecosystems and has an important impact on the flowof material and energy in terrestrial ecosystems. With the intensification of climatechange and human activities, how to quantify the role of human activities in terrestrialecosystem vegetation has become an important research hotspot. Quantifying theimpact of human activities on terrestrial vegetation will provide a theoretical basis forthe improvement of terrestrial ecosystem management and services, and is of greatsignificance for the rational use of terrestrial vegetation resources and the sustainabledevelopment of terrestrial ecosystems.Grassland is the most widely distributed vegetation type in the Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region and plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle.Quantitative assessment of climate change and human activities is important forsustainable grassland use and prevention of grassland degradation. Therefore, usingXinjiang grassland as the research area, based on the GIMMS NDVI 3g data, ZhuWenquan's improved CASA model and Miami model were used to calculate the actualnet primary productivity (NPPa) and production potential (NPPp) of Xinjianggrassland from 1982 to 2015. Correlation analysis, and comparison of humanactivities on the net primary productivity occupancy (NPPh) and potential net primaryproductivity (NPPp) in the absolute value of the trend change rate of each pixelquantitative analysis of the driving force of NPP changes in grassland ecosystems indifferent regions of Xinjiang. The results show that: (1) The NPPa and NPPp values innorthern Xinjiang are higher than those in southern Xinjiang, and the maximumvalues of NPPa and NPPp appear in the Ili River Valley and the Northern XinjiangRegion, and the small value appears in the southern Xinjiang region. On the whole,grassland NPPa and NPPp in Xinjiang showed a pattern of high in the north, low in the south and low in the west. (2) From the perspective of different grassland species,between 1982 and 2015, NPPa and NPPp of five different grassland types showed atrend of increasing volatility, and NPPp and NPPa showed the same trend. (3) TheNPPa and NPPp of grassland in different administrative regions are also consistent,among which NPPa and NPPp are the highest in Yili area; the average NPPa ofgrassland in Aletai is 348.6 g C·m-2·a-1, ranking second, NPPp It is ranked 40th in408.5 g C·m-2·a-1; the 34-year average NPPa value of grassland in Bortala MongolianAutonomous Prefecture is 314.8 g C·m-2·a-1, ranking third. , NPPp is 442.5 gC·m-2·a-1, ranking second; the 34-year average NPPa value of grassland in Tachengarea is 305.8 g C·m-2·a-1, ranking fourth, NPPp It is the third place with 425.9 gC·m-2·a-1. The areas with low NPPa and NPPp in the grassland are mostly located inthe eastern and southern Xinjiang, including the Hetian, Kashgar, Bayinguo,Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the south and the Hami and Turpan areas in theeast.The actual net primary productivity (NPPa) and potential net primaryproductivity (NPPp) were used to calculate the occupancy of NPP in human grasslandecosystems (NPPh), and by comparing the absolute values of the trend rates of NPPpand NPPh for each pixel. The driving force of NPP changes in grassland ecosystemsin different regions of Xinjiang was analyzed. Taking 2000 as the demarcation point,the study period from 1982 to 2015 was divided into two parts: 1982~2000 and2000~2015. The results show that the grassland in Xinjiang was mainly restored from1982 to 2015. From 1982 to 2000, the climatic factors were the main factors for theincrease of NPP in Xinjiang. The climate-dominated area accounted for 79.41% of thetotal grassland area. From 2000 to 2015, compared with the previous period, humanactivities occupied the Xinjiang grassland ecosystem. The degree is significantlyenhanced, and the area dominated by human activities accounts for 43.03% of thetotal area. At the same time, the proportion of human activities leading to the increaseof NPP increased from 18.71% to 27.87%, mainly at the edge of the Tarim Basin andthe southwest of the Junggar Basin. Ecological conservation projects have promotedthe growth of grassland. The area of NPP reduction caused by human activities increased from 1.78% to 15.22%, mainly in the Ili River Valley, the southern AltaiMountains and the Tacheng area, mainly caused by grazing. Therefore, thegovernment should adhere to the implementation of ecological protection projects,and to refine and concretize them; in addition, it is necessary to reduce the amount oflivestock in areas with excessive grazing intensity such as Yili, Tacheng and Altay, soas to achieve dynamic balance of grass and livestock.The grassland in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was selected as theresearch object. The impact of climate change and human activities on Xinjianggrassland was quantitatively analyzed. The impact of human activities on therestoration and degradation of grassland in Xinjiang was explored, which provided thebasis and suggestions for the management and service of grassland in Xinjiang. |
| Subject Area | 自然地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15376 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 赵鹏. 定量分析气候变化和人类活动对新疆草地生态系统 NPP 的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2019. |
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