KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 盐生植物对含盐、苯胺复合污染水体的生态修复以及生理生态响应机制 | |
| Alternative Title | Ecological restoration and physiological and ecological response mechanism of halophytes to salinity and aniline wastewater |
| 许洁 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 田长彦 |
| 2020-09-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 苯胺 盐 盐地碱蓬 抗氧化酶活性 自由基 Aniline Salinity Suaeda salsa Acitivities of antioxidase Free radical |
| Abstract | 印染工业废水中含有大量的无机盐和各种苯胺类化合物， 造成印染废水难以有效处理， 根据我国工业废水《污染综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）二级标准要求，工业废水中苯胺类物质的最高允许排放质量浓度是 2 mg∙L-1，而印染行业《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287-2012）规定现有企业排放浓度的极限是＜1.0 mg∙L-1，对于新建企业排放浓度是不得检出。在《制革及毛皮加工工业水污染物排放标准》 (GB30486-2013)，氯离子的排放标准是小于等于 3000 mg∙L-1。面对环保要求的进一步提升，为提高印染苯胺类废水处理效率，规避常规处理方法中的缺陷，选择一种生态友好、经济可持续的修复污染水体的方法是迫切和需要解决的现实问题。当前，植物修复被认为是一种环境友好的修复方式，而苯胺类废水中高浓度盐和苯胺的存在，极大的限制了植物品种的选择，如何选择既能耐盐同时又能对苯胺有良好的去除效果的植物，经济、高效、可持续的处理此类高盐苯胺类污染水体就成为废水处理领域中关键的科学和技术问题。盐地碱蓬能在 200 mM 的盐环境下完成生活史，是我国广泛分布的一年生盐生植物，被认为是一种很有前途的修复高盐苯胺类污染水体的盐生植物， 本研究以修复含高盐类苯胺废水为目标， 一年生盐生植物为考察对象，筛选了适合去除苯胺的盐生植物， 筛选植物的水体来源于某印染厂经过一种高效蜂箱式固定床生物反应器（ISBS） 处理过的污染水体的尾水。 通过研究盐、 苯胺、盐和苯胺互作对真盐生植物盐地碱蓬的营养生长和生理学功能等方面的影响，探讨了盐对盐地碱蓬苯胺毒性效应的缓解机制，提出对不同浓度苯胺和盐配比下的污染水体修复的方案， 为工程应用提供理论依据。 主要结论如下：（1） 通过盐生植物对总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）、以及对苯胺类污染物的去除情况，盐地碱蓬作为最适盐生植物。分别考察了盐浓度、温度和苯胺初始浓度对盐地碱蓬去除苯胺效果的影响， 200 mM 的 NaCl，苯胺初始浓度≤ 2 mg∙L-1 时， 盐生植物对苯胺的去除率能达到 60%，且植物生长良好。（2） 使用碘化丙啶（PI）染色对细胞壁果胶、纤维素、半纤维素的定量测定，应用激光共聚焦（CLSM）以及根系分析系统（Win-RHIZO）研究了苯胺、盐，苯胺和盐的互作对盐生植物根系形态和根尖细胞的影响， 结果表明： 盐地碱蓬的根系特征与根尖细胞与盐的浓度、苯胺浓度、地上部、地下部的生长有着密切关系。在苯胺胁迫下， 200 mM 的 NaCl 盐地碱蓬通过增加根系的生长以及活跃吸收面积可维持一定阈值苯胺浓度(≥ 4 mg∙L-1)下植物的正常生长。（3） 使用 H2DCF-DA 荧光探针对活性氧（ROS）定性测定，同时运用自旋捕集/电子顺磁共振（EPR）捕获和测定了盐地碱蓬根中的自由基，证明一定阈值的盐调节了盐地碱蓬苯胺毒性效应 ROS 的稳态。 研究了盐、 苯胺及其互作对盐地碱蓬的抗氧化酶 SOD、 CAT、 POD 以及丙二醛 MDA 的影响。 高浓度苯胺（8mg∙L-1） 显著增加盐地碱蓬脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA） 含量，通过自旋捕集/电子顺磁共振技术（EPR） 发现高浓度的苯胺（8 mg∙L-1）显著增大自由基强度，刺激了盐地碱蓬活性氧（ROS）的产生。然而，通过添加 200 mM 的 NaCl 能检测到自由基信号强度的减弱。（4） 光系统 PSII 原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学量子效率（ΦPSII）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）在高浓度苯胺 8 mg∙L-1 作用下显著降低，添加 200 mM的 NaCl 能明显缓和盐地碱蓬叶绿素荧光参数指标的降低趋势，维持 PSII 的功能和生物量的积累，减轻苯胺对植物的毒性。（5） 使用冗余分析（RDA），研究了盐、苯胺互作下，盐地碱蓬离子吸收特性，明晰了离子含量和环境因子之间的关系。 Cl-浓度与苯胺呈负相关。 Ca2+浓度与苯胺浓度呈负相关，而 Mg2+与 NaCl 和苯胺呈负相关。 适度的盐 200 mM 能缓解高浓度苯胺胁迫下（6 mg·L-1 和 8 mg·L-1）条件下， K+含量下降趋势，降低了Ca2+含量、 Mg2+含量的变化幅度，维持了 K+/Na+变化值），适度的通过维持离子稳态减轻植物苯胺毒性作用。适度的盐促进了盐地碱蓬在高浓度苯胺胁迫下植物对 Na+和 Cl-的吸收。 |
| Other Abstract | Printing and dyeing wastewater contains a large number of inorganic salts andaniline compounds, which makes it difficult to effectively treat printing and dyeingwastewater. According to the secondary standards of the Integrated Pollution Standardsfor Industrial Wastewater (GB8978-1996), the maximum allowable mass concentrationof aniline substances in industrial wastewater is 2 mg·L-1. The emission standard(GB4287-2012) stipulates that the emission concentration limit of existingundertakings is <1.0 mg·L-1 and that the emission concentration of new undertakingscannot be detected. "Tanneries and Fur Processing Industry Water Pollutant DischargeRequirements" (GB30486-2013). The emission norm for chloride ion is≤ 3000 mg∙L-1.Currently, phytoremediation is considered to be an environmentally friendly method ofrestoration. The presence of high concentrations of salt and aniline in such wastewatergreatly limits the choice of plant varieties. Such plants can not only tolerate saltinitybut also have a good removal effect on aniline. How to deal with such high-salt anilinecontaminated water bodies economically, efficiently and sustainably has been a keyscientific and technical issue in the field of wastewater treatment.Suaeda salsa is considered a promising halophyte that can complete life history at200 mM NaCl. It's an annual halophyte widely distributed in my region. The aim ofthis study is to treat high-salt aniline-containing wastewater. Annual halophytes are thefocus of the inquiry. The halophytes suitable for the removal of aniline and desalinationare selected. The water of the selected plants is provided by the contamination of theprinting and dyeing plant treated by the ISBS reactor Tail water. By studying the effectsof salt, aniline, salt and aniline interactions on the vegetative growth and physiologicalfunctions of true halophytes Suaeda salsa, To explore the toxicological effects ofaniline on Suaeda salsa, create a data-supported removal system, develop plans andsuggestions for the remediation of polluted water with different concentrations of aniline and salt ratios, and provide technical support and theoretical basis forengineering applications. The primary results are as follows:(1)By removing total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygendemand (COD) and p-aniline pollutants from halophytes, Suaeda salsa is classified assalt-containing aniline pollution. The most appropriate halophyte for the restoration ofwater. At the same time, in order to determine the suitable conditions forphytoremediation, a single-factor experiment was designed to examine the effect of saltconcentration, temperature and initial aniline concentration on the removal of anilineby Suaeda salsa, With 200 mM NaCl and temperature ≤ 25℃, the removal rate ofaniline by plants reached 69.2 %. When the initial concentration of aniline ≤ 2 mg∙L−1is 200 mM NaCl, the removal rate of aniline by plants can reach 60 %, and it does notaffect the normal growth of plants.(2)Propidium iodide (PI) staining and quantitative determination of cell wallpectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, laser confocal (CLSM) and root analysis method (WinRHIZO) were used for the study of aniline, salt and aniline and salt interactive degreeHalophyte root morphology and root tip cells. The results show that the root systemcharacteristics of Suaeda salsa are closely related to root tip cell growth and saltconcentration, aniline concentration, above ground and below ground. The 200 mMNaCl treatment significantly increased the dry root weight and the total length of theSuaeda salsa. Under aniline stress, the 200 mM NaCl saline soil maintains a certainaniline concentration threshold (≥ 4 mg∙L−1) of normal growth.(3)The H2DCF-DA fluorescent probe was used for qualitative determination ofthe reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the free radicals in the Suaeda salsa root werealso detected by spin trap/electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In order to determineif the salt addition is part of the steady-state control of ROS under Suaeda salsa underaniline tension, The effects of water, aniline and its interactions on the antioxidantenzymes SOD, CAT, POD and malondialdehyde MDA of Suaeda salsa. Highconcentration of aniline 8 mg∙L−1 significantly increased the content ofmalondialdehyde (MDA) in the lipid peroxidation product of Suaeda salsa. Highconcentrations of aniline 8 mg∙L−1 significantly modified the behavior of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), Spin trapping/electronparamagnetic resonance technology (EPR) has shown that aniline will stimulate thedevelopment of ROS, and the increase in concentration would lead to an increase in thestrength of free radicals. However, it was found by the addition of 200 mM NaCl. Thesignal strength of the lower radicals was reduced.(4)The reduction of PSII primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm),photochemical quantum efficiency (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP) indicates that high concentration of aniline 8 mg∙L−1 can significantly inhibit thephotosynthetic PSII system of Suaeda salsa, Thereby limiting the electronictransmission from PSII to PSI, Supplied 200 mM NaCl will substantially ease thedeclining trend of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, preserve PSII function andbiomass accumulation, and reduce the toxicity of aniline to plants.(5)The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used to study the effect of salt on thenutritional status and ion absorption characteristics of Suaeda salsa under aniline stressand to clarify the relationship between growth, Cl-concentration is inversely related toaniline. Ca2+ concentration is negatively correlated with aniline concentration, whileMg2+ is negatively correlated with NaCl and aniline. 200 mM NaCl reduced Ca2+ andMg2+ accumulation induced by aniline toxicity. Moderate saltinity 200 mM couldalleviate the decreasing trend of K+ content under high concentration aniline stress (6mg∙L-1 and 8 mg ∙L-1), reduce the change range of Ca2 + and Mg2 + content, and maintainthe change value of K+/Na+. Moderate saltinity 200 mM could alleviate the toxicity ofaniline by maintaining ion homeostasis. Moderate salt promoted the absorption of Na+and Cl- by Suaeda salsa under high concentration aniline stress. |
| Subject Area | 生态学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15384 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 许洁. 盐生植物对含盐、苯胺复合污染水体的生态修复以及生理生态响应机制[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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