KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台构建研究 | |
| Alternative Title | The Monitoring - Protection - Management information platform construction of the Natural World Heritage Site |
| 哈尚辰 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨兆萍 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 世界自然遗产 信息平台构建 遗产保护 信息化管理 新疆天山 Natural World Heritage information platform construction natural heritage protection informatization management Xinjiang Tianshan |
| Abstract | 世界自然遗产是对全人类而言都无可估价的宝贵财产，对自然遗产进行开发的前提必须是保护，而自然遗产保护则需要落实在对遗产地生态环境状况的合理监测和有效的法制化、 体系化管理。随着我国信息化快速发展，以移动互联网、云计算、大数据和数字地球为代表的高端技术支撑逐渐应用于地球环境探测、生态环境监测、区域保护管理等方面， 形成了高效的运营模式，能够为自然遗产从监测到保护到管理的全过程提供参考。本文以构建自然遗产信息平台为目的，重点解决信息平台构建中的三大关键问题： 一是架构通用的自然遗产地监测-保护-管理数据库，二是开发满足于多种用户群体需求的应用系统，三是构建多层次多部门互通共享的信息平台。针对我国现有的世界自然遗产保护的共性问题，采用系统分析法着眼于自然遗产信息化监测、 保护、管理的内在整体性， 通过设计对应于遗产地 OUV 表征要素的框架体系对自然遗产进行信息化的分类保护和层级管理，整合关键监测保护数据清单，为遗产地―定制‖通用而系统的信息化保护方案，并以此作为信息平台构建的数据需求。对现有世界自然遗产信息平台的开发现状进行评价， 综合不同类型遗产网站服务功能的特点，在此基础上通过问卷调查，对遗产信息平台的用户特征进行分析和用户群体划分，并讨论不同群体对平台应用系统的需求， 以指导自然遗产信息平台的系统设计，并对其服务功能进行详细规划。基于信息平台构建的需求分析结果，对自然遗产信息平台进行规范化的总体架构设计、数据库设计和应用系统设计，并以新疆天山自然遗产为例构建相应的信息平台， 从系统开发、运营机制、共享调用、安全维护等方面探讨具体的遗产保护管理信息平台的建设方案，较为详细的梳理了集成 3S 技术、数据库技术、计算机网络信息技术等运用于自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台搭建中的流程， 对于指导我国自然遗产地的信息化监测、保护、管理具有重要的参考价值，有助于加速我国自然遗产保护管理的信息化进程。本文的主要研究结论如下：（ 1）通过梳理我国现有的 17 处世界自然遗产的文本描述和保护评估报告，明确了对自然遗产开展信息化监测内容包括 6 个方面： 自然环境、植被/生境系统、野生动物、自然灾害、旅游活动、社区活动。通过统计自然景观类、地质遗迹类、生态过程类、生物学价值类 4 类遗产地的威胁现状，并结合游客感知分析遗产地面临的核心保护问题，对各类自然遗产地开展信息化监测时需要输入的特征数据进行进一步提取，结果表明不同类型的自然遗产地在景观地貌特征、地质遗迹特征、生态系统特征、物种及其栖息地特征、生态环境基底特征、旅游活动、社区活动、自然灾害 8 个维度内的监测侧重点不同，这为特定类型自然遗产地信息平台构建的数据框架提供了参考和范式。 通过梳理我国自然遗产地在立法管理、分区管理方面的需求，结合我国特有的国家-省区-遗产地的三级管理体系，梳理了实现自然遗产地信息化管理所需要的数据基础包括 4 个方面：①遗产地保护管理法律法规及规划文件； ②遗产地保护管理边界及对应范围内的―负面清单‖； ③遗产地保护管理各级部门信息； ④自然遗产地相关部门信息。（ 2）通过构建评价指标体系对包括自然遗产地官网、缔约国自然遗产官网、世界自然遗产官网在内的 3 类 207 个网站开展功能评价， 从遗产地基础信息服务、遗产地可视化展示服务、遗产地生态旅游服务、遗产地智慧管理服务以及基础网站服务 5 个维度， 总结了现有自然遗产的信息化系统开发设计中普遍具有的服务功能。通过设计网络调查问卷分析对自然遗产信息平台具有应用需求的用户（ 326 个样本）的人口统计学特征、应用动机特征和应用行为特征， 在此之上明确了自然遗产信息平台的用户群体包括三类：公众用户群体、专家学者群体、管理决策群体。基于 IPA 模型，设计了―用户需求-开发背景‖的四象限模型以明确在自然遗产信息平台中需要设计开发的应用功能，将各个功能的开发需求分为 4 个等级：基础开发功能、重点开发功能、备用开发功能和网站亮点功能，以此总结了面向不同用户群体的自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台的功能模块开发需求表，为信息平台应用系统的开发提供依据。（ 3） 基于实用性、规范性、可扩展性、安全性、共享性和以用户为本的 6个原则为自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台的构建提供范式， 包括：对自然遗产地信息平台和自然遗产信息共享平台进行架构设计，以企业总体架构的思想和理念为指导，对信息平台进行从下至上的基础设施层、技术支撑层、数据存储层、应用业务层和门户层的 5 个层次的逻辑结构设计；基于自然遗产信息化监测、保护和管理的数据需求分析结果，对自然遗产信息平台的数据资源进行分类，并按照数据的空间区划、应用类型、专业类型、数据集/要素类型和采集时间特征设置数据编码规则，梳理出系统数据应用清单并以此对信息平台的数据库进行了划分和逻辑结构设计； 根据信息平台的应用系统需求分析结果，将信息平台的应用功能划分为自然遗产信息服务、自然遗产地可视化展示、遗产地生态旅游服务、遗产地动态监测、遗产地辅助决策和遗产地智慧管理 6 个应用系统 23 个子系统，规定了各应用系统的服务内容和核心技术。（4）以新疆天山系列自然遗产地为例，基于自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台的构建范式，初步开发了新疆天山自然遗产信息平台，对平台构建中的关键技术和实现的主要功能模块进行了描述， 在总结国内外先进环境信息平台和管理系统的开发经验的基础上，结合新疆天山自然遗产信息平台的实际开发过程，从软硬件基础设施配置、信息平台的内外网络部署、信息平台的应用服务共享设计和信息平台的维护与更新四个方面总结了自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台的运行与保障措施。 |
| Other Abstract | The Natural World Heritage (NWH) is an invaluable property for all mankind, theprecondition of its development must be protection, and the protection should berealized by the implement of effective ecological environment monitoring and thelegal systematic management. Along with the rapid informatization development, thehigh-end technical support represented by the Internet, cloud computing, big data anddigital earth have gradually applied in the earth's environment detection, ecologicalenvironment monitoring, regional protection management, etc., forming an effectiveoperating model and providing the reference to the whole process of NWH’smonitoring, protection, and management.With the purpose of building a natural heritage information platform, this paperfocuses on solving three key problems: 1) to construct a universal monitoring,protection and management database of natural heritage sites, 2) to develop anapplication system applicable to a variety of user groups, and 3) to build a multi-levelinformation platform shared by multiple departments. Correspondingly, this paperaimed at the common problems existing in the NWH protection in China, usingsystem analysis method focusing on the internal integrity of the NWH’sinformatization monitoring, protection, and management; through the frameworksystem design corresponding to the representation elements of the NWH’sOutstanding Universal Value (OUV) to guide the informatization classified heritageprotection and hierarchy management, the key monitoring protection data list forcustomizing the general and systematic information protection scheme of heritagesites is integrated as the data requirements in information platform construction.Based on the development status evaluation of the existing world natural heritageinformation platforms, the comprehensive characteristics and core service function ofdifferent types of heritage site are extracted; on this basis, through questionnairesurvey, the legacy user characteristics of the information platform are analyzed todivided into user groups, and their needs on platform application systems have been discussed to guide the system design and service function detailed planning. On thebasis of demand analysis results, the overall architecture, database and applicationsystem of the information platform are designed and constructed; the standardizedconstruction was conducted in a case study of Xinjiang Tianshan heritage websiteconstruction; the website’s specific construction are discussed from the systemdevelopment, operational mechanism, sharing call, and security maintenance, etc.,with a detailed process description by technology used in the platform constructionsuch as 3S, database technology and computer network. The study has importantreference value to guide the informatization monitoring, protection and managementof NWHs in China. Following are the main conclusions of this study:(1) By combing the text description and conservation assessment reports of theexisting 17 NWHs in China, the informatization monitoring content of naturalheritage is divided into six aspects: natural environment, vegetation/habitat system,wildlife, natural disasters, tourism activities and community activities. Through thestatistical of heritage sites’ threat status from a classification perspective, combinedwith a visitor investigation in protection status, the feature data that needs to beentered to construct the informatization monitoring system are extracted, the resultshave shown that the four types of NWHs in China with natural landscapes, geologicalrelics, ecological processes, and biological value as core OUV features have differentinformatization monitoring emphases in 8 dimensions: landscape features, geologicalrelics features, ecosystem features, species and their habitat features, ecologicalenvironment base features, tourism activities, community activities, natural disasters.,the results provide a reference and paradigm for the data framework construction ofinformation monitoring for each specific type of natural heritage sites. By sorting outthe requirements of legislation management and district management of naturalheritage sites in China, combined with the unique three-level management system of―national-province-site‖ in China, this paper sorts out the data basis needed inbuilding the information-based management system of natural heritage sites,including four aspects: a) laws, regulations and planning documents for the protection and management of natural heritage sites; b) the "negative list" within the protectionand management boundary of the heritage site and the corresponding scope; c)protection and management of the heritage site at all levels of the departmentinformation; d) information of relevant departments of natural heritage sites.(2) By constructing an evaluation index system to assess 207 heritage website’sfunction from 3 types, including natural heritage site's official website, nationalnatural heritage's official website, and the world natural heritage websites, the generalservice function design in the existing natural heritage information system have beensummarized from 5 dimensions: basis information service, heritage site visualizationdisplay services, eco-tourism services, heritage sites wisdom management service,and the basic web service. Based on a designed network questionnaire, the 326samples who have application requirements in NWH website are seen as aimed usersand analyzed from three aspects: the demographic features, application characteristicsand applied behavior motivation. According to different combination of these features,the website users are divided into 3 groups: the public user, the scholar expert usersand the management decision makers. Based on the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) method, the "user demand-website evaluation" of a four quadrant model isdesigned to determine the functional application in the natural heritage informationplatform establishment, the requirement level of each function is divided into fourlevels: basic function, key function, standby function and highlight function; on thisbasis, the functional module development requirements table facing different types ofuser groups is summarized to guide the information platform application systemdesign.(3) Based on six principles of practicability, standardization, scalability, security,sharing, and user-centric, we provided a paradigm in natural heritagemonitoring-protection-management information platform construction from threeaspects: a) to design the overall architecture of natural heritage information platformand 3-level sharing platform, the logical structure of information platform is designedat five levels from bottom to top: the infrastructure layer, the technical support layer,the data storage layer, the application business layer and the portal layer; b) Based onthe data demand analysis results of the NWHs’ informatization monitoring, protectionand management, the data resources are classified, and a data coding rules are setaccording to their spatial division, application type, specialty type, data set/elementtype and collection time feature; then, the database of information platform is sortedout and designed logically on the basis of a combed data list used in the platform’sapplication system. According to the application of information platform systemrequirements analysis, the application system of the information platform is dividedinto six subsystems, including NWHs information service, natural heritagevisualization service, heritage eco-tourism service, heritage dynamic monitoringservice, heritage decision support service, and heritage smart management service, theservice content and core technology of the corresponding 23 function modules aredefined.(4) We take Xinjiang Tianshan series natural heritage sites as a case study, basedon the construction paradigm of NWH’s monitoring-protection-managementinformation platform, we initially established the information platform of XinjiangTianshan natural heritage, and described the key technologies and main functionalmodules in the platform. On the basis of summarizing the development experience ofadvanced environmental information platform and management system domestic andoverseas, combined with the actual natural heritage information platform constructionprocess of Xinjiang Tianshan, we summarized the operation and safeguard measuresof the information platform from 4 aspects: the hardware and software infrastructureconfiguration, the internal and external network deployment, the application servicesharing design, and the platform’s maintenance and update. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15421 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 哈尚辰. 自然遗产监测-保护-管理信息平台构建研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
| Files in This Item: | There are no files associated with this item. | |||||
Items in the repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
Edit Comment