KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 不同恢复模式下塔里木河下游生态效益研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Study on Ecological Benefits of the Lower Tarim River under Different Recovery Patterns |
| 何振磊 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 陈亚鹏 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 塔里木河下游 物种多样性 植物群落结构 生态恢复 生态效益 the lower reaches of Tarim River species diversity plant community structure ecological restoration ecological benefits |
| Abstract | 塔里木河下游是我国乃至世界极端干旱的区域之一，由于半个世纪以来经济的发展及水资源的过度开发与利用导致塔里木河下游出现断流，严重的缺水，生态环境极度的恶化。为挽救极端脆弱的生态环境， 2000 年开始对塔里木河下游实施生态输水，在该区域内开展了不同人为正向干扰模式来帮助生态恢复。 经济高效的生态恢复措施能缓解生态环境的恶化，促进植被恢复。因此，在干旱区开展不同恢复模式下生态效益的研究， 可为干旱区退化生态系统植被的恢复工作提供科学依据。本研究以塔里木河下游三种不同恢复模式（自然恢复、沟灌和漫灌模式）的样地为研究对象， 采用标准样方法，对三种模式下植被恢复前后群落结构和物种多样性等进行了对比分析， 并运用主成分分析法对不同恢复模式下植被恢复状况进行综合评价。 主要结果如下：（1） 群落结构：在各模式下，草本物种均明显增加，自然恢复下未出现乔灌木物种的增加，但胡杨和柽柳的重要值较高，仍占据优势地位。 自然恢复下，群落盖度、密度增加并不显著，而在沟灌和漫灌模式下显著增加。漫灌模式下，出现的草本植物及木本植物特有种比例最高，分别为 59.09%， 33.33%。 在沟灌措施下只存在木本植物的特有种沙拐枣，自然恢复下，只有草本植物特有种占比14.29%。三种模式下的群落间表现为总体中等不相似。从总体恢复情况来看，群落正向演替趋势明显。（2）群落功能： 恢复前后各多样性指数对比结果表明，在三种模式下 Patrick、Shannon -Weiner、 Margalef、 Simpson 指数均有所增加，但在沟灌与漫灌模式下增加显著。恢复后，沟灌和漫灌两种模式下的 Patrick、 Jsw、 Jsi、 Shannon-Weiner、Simpson 指数均比自然恢复高，且差异显著。恢复后，对比不同生活型植物多样性发现，在三种模式间乔木的多样性指数无显著差异，灌木的 Patrick 指数在沟灌与漫灌模式下明显高于自然恢复模式，同时草本植物的 Patrick 指数， Shannon-Weiner， Jsw指数在漫灌下显著高于另外两种模式。不同模式下植物群落间的总体关联性表明， 植物群落总体关联性均呈显著正关联。植物种间联结较为紧密，植物种对生境的需求极为相似。三种模式下群落均处于不稳定状态。物种恢复速率在模式之间表现为：漫灌模式>沟灌模式>自然恢复模式，恢复速率在三种生活型间表现为：草本植物>灌木>乔木。 自然恢复对物种恢复的效果不明显，而沟灌与漫灌模式更有助于物种多样性的恢复。（3）生态效益评价： 自然恢复、沟灌模式、漫灌模式三种模式恢复后多样性阈值分别达到了 1.0442、 2.1594、 2.8584，多样性等级分别为：一般、较好、丰富。三种模式恢复后的综合得分表现为，漫灌模式下的植被恢复样地得分最高，为 12.94，其次是沟灌模式，为 6.19，最后为自然恢复模式样地，为 2.72，并且漫灌模式综合得分显著高于自然恢复模式与沟灌模式。 三种模式恢复后的综合得分较恢复前均有所增加，且在沟灌模式与漫灌模式下增加显著。 |
| Other Abstract | The lower reaches of the Tarim River is one of the most arid regions in Chinaand even in the world. Due to the development of economy and over exploitation andutilization of water resources in the past half century, the lower reaches of TarimRiver has been cut off, ecological environment is extremely deteriorated. In order to save theextremely fragile ecological environment, in 2000, ecological water transportation was carried outin the lower reaches of Tarim River. Different human-oriented positive interferencepatterns have been carried out in this area to help ecological restoration. Economicand efficient ecological restoration measures can alleviate the deterioration ofecological environment and promote vegetation restoration. Therefore, the study ofecological benefits under different restoration patterns in arid regions can provide ascientific basis for the restoration degraded ecosystem vegetation in arid regions.In this study, different restoration patterns of plots under the Tarim River weretaken as the research object. The community structure and species diversity beforeand after vegetation restoration were analyzed by standard sample method. Finally,the comprehensive situation of the three recovery patterns is analyzed by principalcomponent analysis. The main results are as follows:（ 1） Community structure: In each pattern, herbaceous plants increased rapidly.Under the natural recovery, there was no increase of trees and shrubs, but therestoration of constructive species was obvious. Under natural recovery, the coverageand density of the community did not increase significantly, but increasedsignificantly under furrow and flood irrigation. Under the measures of flood irrigation,the proportion of endemic species of herbage and woody plants was the highest, 59.09%and 33.33% respectively. Under the furrow irrigation, only Elaeagnus angustifolia, aspecial species of woody plants exists. Under natural recovery, only herbaceousendemic species accounted for 14.29%. The communities in the three patterns showedmoderate difference. From the perspective of overall recovery, the community has a positive succession trend.（ 2） Community function: The diversity index before and after restorationshowed that Patrick, Shannon Weiner, Margalef and Simpson index increased in threepatterns, but increased significantly in furrow and flood irrigation patterns. Afterrestoration, the Patrick, JSW, JSI, Shannon Weiner and Simpson indexes of furrowirrigation and flood irrigation were higher than those of natural restoration, and thedifference was significant. After restoration, there was no significant difference in treediversity index among the three patterns. The Patrick index of shrub is higher thanthat of natural recovery under furrow and flood irrigation. At the same time, thePatrick index, Shannon Weiner index and JSW index of herbage were significantlyhigher than those of the other two patterns. The overall correlation of plantcommunities in different patterns Indicate: There was a significant positive correlationin the overall correlation of plant communities. The plant species are closely related toeach other, and their requirements for habitat are very similar. The community was inan unstable state under the three patterns. The recovery rate of species is shown as:flooding pattern > furrow pattern > natural recovery pattern. Recovery rate amongthree life forms: Herbage > shrub > tree. The effect of natural restoration on speciesrestoration is not obvious, and furrow irrigation and flood irrigation pattern are moreconducive to the restoration of species diversity.（3） Ecological benefit evaluation: After restoration, the diversity thresholds ofthe three patterns were 1.0442, 2.1594 and 2.8584 respectively, and the diversitylevels were general, good and rich, vegetation restoration plots under irrigationpattern had the highest score of 12.94, followed by furrow irrigation pattern at 6.19and finally natural restoration pattern plot at 2.72. and the comprehensive score of theflood irrigation pattern is significantly higher than that of the natural recovery patternand furrow irrigation pattern. The comprehensive scores of the three patterns afterrecovery were increased compared with those before the recovery, and increasedsignificantly in the furrow pattern and the flood irrigation pattern. |
| Subject Area | 自然地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15422 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 何振磊. 不同恢复模式下塔里木河下游生态效益研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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