KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 格库铁路沙漠段苦咸水灌溉条件下土壤水盐运移试验研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Experimental Study on soil water and salt migration under brackish water irrigation in desert section through geku railway |
| 王世明 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 赵英 ; 范敬龙 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 农学硕士 |
| Keyword | 苦咸水 水盐分布 滴灌 数值模拟 Brackish water Water salt distribution Drip irrigation Numerical simulation |
| Abstract | 将地下咸水资源用于植被灌溉， 是一种直接的解决沙漠地区植被生长缺水问题， 对生物防沙固沙体系的建设， 具有重要意义； 在格库铁路沿线沙漠地区， 这里降雨稀少而蒸发强烈， 大规模的利用地下咸水灌溉极易导致土壤盐渍化问题。基于该区域地下水矿化度分布特点， 参考塔克拉玛干沙漠公路防护林灌溉体系，设置了 10g/L、 25g/L、 40g/L、 原水共 4 个盐分梯度和 10L、 20L、 30L 共 3 个水量梯度， 对三种植物（刚毛红柳、 梭梭、 白刺） 进行大田滴灌灌溉实验， 探讨研究高矿化度咸水灌溉情境下， 当地土壤水盐运移规律。 利用 Hydrus 模型软件进行水盐动态变化的模拟， 并通过实测数据对模型进行验证， 为该区域防护林工程建设提供理论依据和有效的技术支撑。 研究结果表明：（1） 不同矿化度水滴灌下土壤水分运动形式不同， 10g/L 灌溉条件下， 土壤含水量在灌溉当日即到达土壤深层， 且在深层土壤持续维持一定量的水分。 25g/L灌溉条件下， 土壤的粘滞系数、 弥散度均在一定程度上增大， 导致土壤水分向下迁移速度减缓， 但仍然可以看出水分向下移动。 在 40g/L 灌溉和原水灌溉条件下，水分受土壤吸附力影响更加显著， 水分向下迁移逐渐停滞， 土壤水分在剖面上的分布多的表现出上层土壤含水量高于下层土壤含水量的现象。（2） 经过不同矿化度水灌溉， 土壤盐分总体上呈现表层集聚的特点， 且在秋季， 这种现象更加明显。 在灌溉水矿化度相对比较稳定的情况下， 对比夏季和秋季土壤盐分含量变化特点， 总体上随着时间的推移和灌溉的进行， 浅层土壤（0~50cm） 盐分含量有增加趋势， 深层土壤（50cm~150cm） 盐分有减小趋势，说明浅层出现盐分含量累积， 而深层没有盐分累积情况出现。 而灌溉水矿化度不是稳定情况下， 部分土壤的含盐量表现为深层集聚。（3） 应用 Hydrus-1D 模型对一年生的柽柳幼苗土壤水盐动态模拟进行水盐模拟， 并通过实测值加以验证， 通过 RMSE 值或者 R2值两种评价指标综合评价，结果表明模型模拟效果良好， 基本上能较好的反映土壤水分动态变化情况， 能够进行恶劣环境下土壤水盐模拟工作。 水分模拟效果土壤表层（0~50cm） 要好于深层(70~90cm)， 秋季略好于夏季。 盐分模拟效果则是整体良好， 实测值与模拟值都比较吻合。（4） 在不同矿化度水灌溉处理下， 三种植物的生长状况差异很大。 刚毛红柳更适合在 30L 灌量和 40g/L 以及原水灌溉条件下生存， 梭梭更适合在 40g/L 及以下矿化度和水量大于等于 20L 条件下生存， 白刺则在灌溉水矿化度低于 30g/L条件下生存， 且灌溉水量越高， 生存率越好。 刚毛红柳和梭梭能够很好的适应沙漠环境， 能够更好的应用于沙漠防护林建设， 而白刺的适应性明显比上述两种植物差。 |
| Other Abstract | The application of underground salt water resources to vegetation irrigation is adirect solution to the problem of vegetation growth and water shortage in desert areas,which is of great significance to the construction of biological sand control andconsolidation system. In the desert areas along the geku railway, where rainfall is rareand evaporation is intense, large-scale use of underground salt water irrigation is verylikely to lead to soil salinization. Based on the regional groundwater salinitydistribution features, reference the taklamakan desert highway shelterbelt irrigationsystem, set up 10g/L, 25g/L, 40g/L, raw water, a total of four salt gradient and 10L,20L, 30L, a total of four water gradient, the three plants (bristles Philippine, h.ammodendron, white spines) field drip irrigation experiment, studying the highsalinity saline water irrigation situation, the local soil water and salt migration rule.Hydrus model software is used to simulate the dynamic change of water and salt, andthe model is identified and verified by the measured data, so as to explore theunknown law, which provides theoretical basis and effective technical support for theconstruction of shelterbelt in this area. The results show that:(1) Under drip irrigation with different salinity, soil water movement forms aredifferent. Under 10g/L irrigation, soil water content reaches the deep layer of soil onthe day of irrigation, and a certain amount of water is continuously maintained in thedeep layer of soil. Under the condition of 25g/L irrigation, the soil viscositycoefficient and dispersion increased to a certain extent, leading to the slowing downof the downward migration of soil water, but it can still be seen that the water moveddownward. Under the conditions of 40g/L irrigation and raw water irrigation, water ismore significantly affected by soil adsorption, and the downward migration of waterbecomes stagnant gradually. The distribution of soil water in the profile shows that thewater content in the upper soil is higher than that in the lower soil.(2) After irrigation with water of different salinity, soil salinity generally showsthe characteristics of surface concentration, and this phenomenon is more obvious inautumn. Under the condition of the irrigation water salinity is relatively stable,compared with summer and autumn change characteristics of soil salt content on the whole, with the passage of time and irrigation, shallow soil salt content (0~50 cm) hasincreased, deep soil (50 cm to 150 cm) salt has a decreasing trend, that of shallow saltcontent accumulation, and deep without salt accumulation. However, when thesalinity of irrigation water is not stable, the salt content of some soils shows deepconcentration.(3) Hydrus-1d model of the seedlings of annual tamarisk soil water and saltwater and salt simulation, dynamic simulation and verified by the measured values, byRMSE value or R2 two evaluation index comprehensive evaluation, the simulatedresults show that the effect is good, basically can better reflect the soil moisturedynamic change, the ability of soil water and salt under bad environment simulationwork. Soil surface layer (0~50cm) was better than deep layer (70~90cm), and autumnwas slightly better than summer. The salt simulation effect is good as a whole, and themeasured value is in good agreement with the simulated value.(4) Under irrigation treatment of water with different salinity, the growthconditions of the three plants vary greatly.It is more suitable to survive under theconditions of 30L irrigation and 40g/L and raw water irrigation; Ammodena is moresuitable for survival under the condition of salinity and water quantity of 40g/L andbelow greater than or equal to 20L;Nitraria is more suitable for survival under thecondition of salinity of irrigation water less than 30g/L; and the higher the irrigationwater quantity, the better the survival rate. The setae tamwillow and ammodendroncan be well adapted to the desert environment, and can be better applied to the desertshelter forest construction, and the adaptability of the nitraria is obviously worse thanthe above two plants. |
| Subject Area | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15452 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 王世明. 格库铁路沙漠段苦咸水灌溉条件下土壤水盐运移试验研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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