KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 基于 RS 与 GIS 技术的三工河流域耕地质量评价 | |
| Alternative Title | Quality Evaluation of Cultivated Land in the Sangong River Basin Based on RS and GIS Technology |
| 庄庆威 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 吴世新 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 工程硕士 |
| Keyword | RS GIS 耕地质量 层次分析法 评价体系 RS GIS Cultivated land quality Analytic hierarchy process Evaluation system |
| Abstract | 耕地在人类生存和人类文明发展中起着至关重要的作用。但是，由于对城市扩张的需求不断增长，加上对自然资源的过度开发，世界上许多地区的耕地面积正在迅速缩小,部分地区耕地的质量也有所衰退， 因此，对耕地的数量和质量进行同步监测显得愈加重要。 基于遥感（ Remote Sensing， RS） 和地理信息系统（ Geographic Information System， GIS） 技术进行耕地质量评价，对于实现新疆耕地占补均衡、提升耕地质量、保证后备粮食安全生产基地总生产力稳步提升具有重要的指导意义。三工河流域是新疆天山北坡经济带发展的核心区域，耕地主要分布在绿洲平原内部和绿洲--荒漠过渡地带， 是干旱区农业的典型代表， 由于人口的增加和国家政策的牵引，耕地的数量和质量均发生了巨大变化。本文选择三工河流域耕地为研究对象，基于 Landsat TM/ETM+和 OLI 影像获得 1990-2018 年的耕地分布数据，以土壤采样数据、自然条件数据和障碍因素为基础，参考国家分等定级标准，结合该流域的实际情况，建立适用的耕地质量评价体系，对该流域的耕地质量进行评价。 此外，本文分别对流域内不同区域、不同开垦年限的耕地质量进行分析，并进一步探讨耕地质量与归一化植被指数（ Normalized Differential VegetationIndex， NDVI） 和净初级生产力（ Net Primary Productivity， NPP） 的相关性，分析耕地质量发生变化的驱动因素,并提出可行性的建议。研究结果表明：（ 1） 三工河流域耕地面积大幅增加，净增加面积达 27.01 万亩。由于受政策、人口等原因的影响，研究期内的每个阶段，耕地数量变化的强度不同， 其中，2000-2010 年，该流域耕地面积由 56.93 万亩增至 70.79 万亩，增加了 13.86 万亩，占整个研究期耕地增长面积的 51.31%，这段时期是该流域耕地面积增长速度最快的十年。 区域差异上， 各乡镇的耕地数量存在先天差异，耕地数量的变化格局也存在显著差异，新垦耕地主要集中在三工河乡、 222 团和水磨沟乡。（ 2） 以土壤实测数据、自然条件数据和障碍因素为基础，利用层次分析法和特尔斐法建立耕地质量评价体系。评价结果表明，三工河流域耕地总体质量不高，四、五、六等地面积占耕地总面积的比例分别为 36.96%、 49.81%、 11.67%，质量等级由中部向东西两边递减。各乡镇的耕地质量水平存在一定的差异性，其中，六运湖农场平均耕地质量最高，平均耕地质量综合分数为 60.74，三工河乡平均耕地质量最低，平均耕地质量评价分数仅为 56.26。（ 3）耕地质量与地龄具有密切的关系，不同地龄的耕地的质量分数仍存在明显的差异。地龄为大于 30 年、 20-30 年、 10-20 年和 2-10 年的耕地对应的平均耕地质量分数分别为 59.53、 59.24、 57.78 和 56.83，随着地龄的减小，平均耕地质量呈下降趋势。（ 4）三工河流域耕地的多年平均 NDVI 和多年平均 NPP 的空间分布均具有明显的空间异质性，两者的空间分布的总体趋势与耕地质量的空间分布具有很大的相似性，在研究区内表现出中间高东西两边低的分布特征。由相关性分析结果可知，耕地质量综合分数和多年平均 NDVI 之间的 R2 为 0.508， Pearson 相关系数为 0.713，两者之间表现出显著的正相关性。耕地质量与多年平均 NPP 之间的相关性也通过了 0.01 水平的显著性检验，两者之间也具有显著的正相关性。 |
| Other Abstract | Cultivated land is defined as an important resource and material basis for humansurvival and development. It has an irreplaceable fundamental role in the process ofChina's socio-economic development and has a guarantee effect on food security. Inthe process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy, cultivated land is themain factor for the employment, living and development of the agricultural population.The evaluation of cultivated land quality based on RS and GIS technology hasimportant guiding significance for achieving a balance of cultivated land in Xinjiang.improving the quality of cultivated land, and ensuring a steady increase in the totalproductivity of the reserve food production base. In addition, it has important guidingsignificance for improving the quality of cultivated land and ensuring the steadyincrease of the total productivity of the reserve food production base.The Sangong River Basin is a typical representative of agriculture in arid regions.Due to the increase in population and the traction of national policies, the quantity andquality of cultivated land have undergone tremendous changes. Based on Landsatimages, the farmland distribution data from 1990 to 2018 was obtained. Based on soilsampling data, natural condition data and obstacle factors, an applicable cultivatedland quality evaluation system is established. In addition, this paper analyzes thequality of cultivated land in different regions and different reclamation years in thebasin. And further explore the impact of cultivated land quality on vegetationproductivity. This study analyzes the driving factors for changes in cultivated landquality and proposes feasible suggestions. The results are as follows:(1) The area of cultivated land increased with 270,100 mu in the Sangong riverbasin. The change in the amount of cultivated land at each stage of the study period isdifferent from others due to policy, population and other reasons. The period from2000 to 2010 was the fastest decade in cultivated area in this study area. The area ofcultivated land in the basin increased from 589,300 mu to 707,900 mu, whichaccounting for 51.31% of the increase in cultivated land area during the entire study period.(2) This study uses analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish acultivated land quality evaluation system based on soil measured data, naturalcondition data, and obstacle factors. Evaluation results show that the overall quality ofcultivated land in the Sangong river basin is not high. The proportions of the areas ofthe fourth, fifth, and sixth areas in the total cultivated land area were 36.96%, 49.81%,and 11.67%. The quality level decreases from the middle to the east and west. Thereare some differences in the quality of cultivated land in various regions. Among them,Liuyunhu Farm has the highest average cultivated land quality with a comprehensivescore of 60.74. The lowest average cultivated land quality is in Sangonghe Townshipwith an average score of 56.26.(3) The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the age of the cultivatedland. There are significant differences in the quality scores of cultivated land atdifferent ages. The average quality scores of cultivated land with an age of more than30 years, 20-30 years, 10-20 years, and 2-10 years were 59.53, 59.24, 57.78, and56.83. With the decrease of the age of cultivated land, the average cultivated landquality shows a downward trend.(4) The spatial distribution of annual average NDVI and annual average NPP ofcultivated land in the Sangong river basin has obvious spatial heterogeneity. Thegeneral trend of the spatial distribution of the two is very similar to the spatialdistribution characteristics of cultivated land quality, which is “high in the middle andlow in the east and west”. There is a significant positive correlation between thecomprehensive score of cultivated land quality and the annual average NDVI (R2 =0.508, Pearson coefficient = 0.713, significance level at 0.01). The correlationbetween the cultivated land quality and the multi-year average NPP also passed thesignificance test at the level of 0.01, and there was also a significant positivecorrelation between the two. |
| Subject Area | 测绘工程 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15459 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 庄庆威. 基于 RS 与 GIS 技术的三工河流域耕地质量评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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