KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 中国西部大城市郊区化过程、内在机理与调控研究—以乌鲁木齐市为例 | |
| Alternative Title | Research on the Process, Mechanism and Regulation of Suburbanization in Western China—A Case Study of Urumqi |
| 杨振 | |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 张小雷 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学博士 |
| Keyword | 郊区化 过程 内在机理 调控 转型期 乌鲁木齐 Suburbanization process mechanism regulation transitional period Urumqi |
| Abstract | 改革开放 40 年来，中国在经济、政治和社会等方面的剧烈变迁，从根本上改变着城市发展的动力基础和作用机制，巨大的体制转型及其相应的复杂影响必然在城市空间上有着明显的表征。由于中国城市目前主体上仍处于外延扩张阶段，所以这种体制转型在空间上的“烙印”又尤以“郊区化”最为明显。郊区化可以疏散中心区过密的人口，分散那些不适宜在中心区布局的工业企业，改善城市生态环境；也可能带来城市建成区过度膨胀，交通压力增大和城市环境问题。因此，要充分利用郊区化对城市发展有利的一面，避免它可能产生消极影响的一面。本文主要从三个方面开展研究：第一部分，城市郊区化的测度，为后续城市郊区化的内在机理和调控策略研究提供现实依据。第二部分，制度变革背景下城市郊区化内在机理解释，是本研究的关键，为郊区化调控提供理论依据。构建了制度变革背景下中国城市郊区化机理解释框架，并在该框架的指导下对乌鲁木齐人口郊区化和工业郊区化的影响因素进行定量测度。第三部分，乌鲁木齐郊区化的调控研究。从郊区化测度结果及驱动机制出发，识别出乌鲁木齐郊区化进程中存在的问题，并有针对性地提出了对策建议。主要结论如下：（1）从不同地域人口增减变化来看， 1990—2000 年乌鲁木齐人口处于向心集聚阶段， 2000—2010 年则处于离心扩散阶段，表明乌鲁木齐人口郊区化肇始于 21 世纪。在常见的几种单中心人口密度模型中， Clark 模型的拟合优度最好，且随着时间的推移，该模型的密度梯度由增加转为降低，再次证明了乌鲁木齐人口郊区化已开始的事实。当前乌鲁木齐人口发展处于成长阶段，尚未进入Newling模型所表征的老年阶段。 城市人口空间变动的微观剖析表明，南部老城区净迁移人口为负，北部郊区净迁移人口则为正，说明乌鲁木齐人口流动的方向是从南向北流， 这种流动模式与乌鲁木齐城市空间结构中的“一轴双心，两区七组团”的用地布局形态有关。当前乌鲁木齐人口郊区化仍属近郊化，尚未达到远郊化的程度。（2）乌鲁木齐工业郊区化也已开始，当前正处于由近郊化向远郊化过渡阶段。相较于人口郊区化，乌鲁木齐工业郊区化开始的时间更早，强度也更大，符合中国郊区化过程的独特模式，即工业郊区化先于人口郊区化。不同企业类型对工业郊区化的推动作用存在着明显差异，机械设备型企业和基础型企业是当前乌鲁木齐工业郊区化形成的主要行业动力。（3） 乌鲁木齐郊区化是个体和企业自身因素、政府因素和制度因素共同推动的结果。模型结果证实了规划政策、开发区设立、 “退二进三”土地功能置换、土地价格、交通通达性、企业类型、所有制类型、户籍、民族和住房制度对乌鲁木齐郊区化的重要影响。其中， 政府力量在乌鲁木齐郊区化进程中起着主导作用，本文把后改革时代中国城市郊区化概括为“地方政府主导的郊区化”。（4）本文从郊区化测度结果及机制分析中所发现的问题出发，有针对性地从城市增长边界划定、土地制度改革、 “嵌入式居住模式”构建、混合居住区建设、郊区大型居住区建设等提出调控建议，以发挥郊区化对城市发展有利的一面，避免它可能产生的不利方面。（5）乌鲁木齐郊区化在开始时间、强度以及作用机制方面与东部大城市存在明显差别： ○1 东部大城市在 1980 年代改革开放伊始即开始了郊区化进程，而乌鲁木齐郊区化则肇始于 21 世纪。 ○2 东部大城市开始于 1980 年代的郊区化在1990 年代得到进一步强化，某些城市已发展到远郊化程度，甚至进入逆城市化阶段； 相较而言，乌鲁木齐郊区化刚刚开始，强度还不大。 ○3 受市场经济冲击较早的东部大城市虽政府因素在郊区化进程中仍起重要作用，但市场力同样不可忽视，值得强调的是，有些城市郊区化进程中强调外资的重要性；乌鲁木齐郊区化进程主要由政府力量主导， “政府企业化”在西部大城市郊区化进程中表现的更为明显。 |
| Other Abstract | In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's dramatic changes ineconomy, politics and society have fundamentally changed the dynamic basis andmechanism of urban development. The huge institutional transformation and itscorresponding complex influence are deemed to have obvious marks in urban space.Among these, suburbanization is one of the most obvious marks in China since mostcities are still in the stage of extension and expansion. In sum, the suburbanizationprocess has both positive and negative impacts on urban development. From thepositive aspect, suburbanization can evacuate the dense population in the central area,disperse the industrial enterprises that are not suitable for the layout in the central area,and improve the urban ecological environment. From the negative aspect, it may causethe excessive expansion of the urban built-up areas, increasing traffic pressure andurban environmental problems. Therefore, we should make full use of the advantagesof suburbanization and avoid the negative effects.This paper consists of following three aspects: The first part is the measurementof suburbanization, which provides practical references for further studies on theformation mechanism and regulation strategies for suburbanization in Urumqi. Thesecond part constructs an explanation framework for the formation mechanism ofsuburbanization under the background of institutional reform. Then, under theguidance of this framework, a quantitative analysis of the influencing factors ofpopulation and industrial suburbanization in Urumqi was carried out. The explorationof the formation mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the regulation strategies.The third part focuses on the remedies of suburbanization in Urumqi. Based on theresults gained in the first and second part, this study identifies some key issues in theprocess of suburbanization in Urumqi, and proposes countermeasures andsuggestions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) According to the changes in population distribution in different zones,Urumqi’s population was in the stage of centripetal concentration from 1990 to 2000,and in the stage of centrifugal diffusion from 2000 to 2010. This indicates that theprocess of population suburbanization in Urumqi began in 2010. Among the commonsingle-center population density models, Clark model is observed to have the bestgoodness of fit. The density gradient of this model increases first and decreases then,confirming that population suburbanization in Urumqi has begun since then. Atpresent, the development of population in Urumqi is in the growth stage and has notyet entered the old age stage represented by the Newling model. A micro-perspectiveof the spatial change of urban population showed that the net migration population inthe southern Urumqi (which is also referred as the central city) is negative. Incomparison, the net migration population in the northern suburbs is positive,indicating that population flow has moved from south to north. This flow direction istightly related to the land layout of "one axis, two centers, two districts and sevenclusters" in the urban spatial structure of Urumqi. In sum, the populationsuburbanization in Urumqi is still in the incipient stage rather than an advanced stage.(2) The industrial suburbanization in Urumqi has begun and is now in thetransition stage from the incipient to advanced stage. Compared with populationsuburbanization, the industrial suburbanization started earlier and has higher intensity.This is consistent with the unique mode of Chinese suburbanization, that is, industrialsuburbanization is prior to population suburbanization. Besides, industrialsuburbanization is always promoted by different types of enterprises. In Urumqi,machinery and equipment enterprises and basic enterprises are the main drivers forindustrial suburbanization.(3) The suburbanization of Urumqi is driven by mixed factors includingindividual and enterprise factors, government factors and institutional factors. Theresults showed that the planning policy, the establishment of development zones,urban land replacement (e.g. "suppressing the second industry and developing thethird industry"), land price, traffic accessibility, enterprise types, ownership types,household registration, nationality and housing system have an important impact onthe suburbanization in Urumqi. Among them, the government forces play a dominant role in the process of suburbanization. This study conceptualizes the Chinesesuburbanization in the post-reform era as "suburbanization dominated by localgovernment".(4) Based on the problems found in the measurement of suburbanization and theanalysis of its mechanism, this study makes targeted recommendations from thedelimitation of urban growth boundary, land system reform, the construction of"embedded residential mode", etc. These recommendations give full play to theadvantages of suburbanization for urban development and avoid the potentialdisadvantages.(5) Compared with eastern Chinese cities, the suburbanization process in Urumqihas great disparity in the starting time, intensity and mechanism. Specifically, fromthe perspective of starting time, the suburbanization in the eastern Chinese citiesstarted in the 1980s, while the suburbanization in Urumqi started in the 21st century.The suburbanization in the eastern Chinese cities was further strengthened in the1990s. Some cities have entered to the advanced stage of suburbanization, and eventhe stage of counter-urbanization. In comparison, the suburbanization in Urumqistarted later, and its intensity is rather small. Besides, although the government factorsplay an important role, the impact caused by the market forces cannot be ignored inthe process of suburbanization in the eastern Chinese cities. It is noteworthy that theimportance of foreign capital is also emphasized in the process of suburbanization insome cities. However, the process of suburbanization in Urumqi is mainly dominatedby the government, and an obvious phenomenon of "enterprise government" isobserved in the process of suburbanization in the western big cities. |
| Subject Area | 人文地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15462 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 杨振. 中国西部大城市郊区化过程、内在机理与调控研究—以乌鲁木齐市为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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