KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 变化环境下塔里木河干流区地表水—地下水转化关系研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Study on the Relation between Surface Water and Groundwater Conversion in Tarim River under Variable Environment |
| 雍正 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 赵成义 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 气候变化 人类活动 地表水 地下水 塔里木河干流 Climate change Human activity Surface water Groundwater Tarim river |
| Abstract | 近 20 年来，塔里木河流域综合治理工程为流域水资源优化配置和生态恢复提供了有效保障，产生了明显的综合效益，随着气候变化和人类活动加剧，塔里木河干流地表水与地下水的转化机制趋向复杂。为了实现塔里木河干流水资源优化配置和绿色走廊生态经济可持续发展，本文基于塔里木河干流区近 20 年的水文生态变化监测资料， 分析了塔里木河干流区生态输水以来河道两岸地下水的补给关系、地下水埋深时空变化及其生态效应，探索了塔里木河干流河道来水与地下水的转化机制。 可为区域水资源调控和进一步量化输水效益提供理论依据。 具体结论如下：（1） 塔里木河干流上中游段地下水埋深年内变化呈汛期大于枯水期的特点，生态输水对下游植被恢复效果明显。地下水埋深变幅枯水期 3—4 月在 0.42~0.92m 之间，汛期 7—9 月在 1.06~3.67 m 之间； 经过近 20 年的生态输水， 2009—2017年 9 年间下游段地下水埋深平均抬升了 3.75 m，地下水埋深随输水量的变化明显，总体上在输水停止后一月内达到峰值，而后逐渐降低，直至下一次输水又明显回升； 2009 年之后下游 NDVI 平均值由 0.05 提升至 0.15。（2） 河水与地下水之间的转化关系在上中游较为剧烈。 基于解析法计算得到河渠间转化水量占当年河道径流量的 23.68%， 其中， 地下水补给河水的量占当年河道径流量的 21.49%， 河水对地下水的净补给量占当年河道径流量的21.97%。阿拉尔—新其满段河水对地下水的补给量占到了全部补给量的 79.35%，新其满—英巴扎段地下水对河水的补给量占到了全部补给量的 70.07%；阿其克—恰拉段河水与地下水的互补量相对中下游的河段补给量大。（3） 基于水均衡法的计算结果表明：地下水侧向径流补给量、水库渗漏补给量、渠系渗漏补给量和灌溉入渗补给量总和占当年河道径流量的 20.53%；地下水侧向径流流出量、潜水蒸发量和人工开采地下水的量总和占当年河道径流量的 18.57%。地表水与地下水之间的转化量占当年河道径流量的 12.72%。上中游的渠系渗漏补给量从 2003 年到 2018 年总体呈现缓慢增加的状况，下游的渠渗量在 2008 年到 2018 年间呈现曲线变化有突变点的情况， 2013 年的渠渗量占当年河道径流量的 7.10%。总体上，塔里木河干流的渠渗量在 16 年里曲折波动起伏较大，但呈现缓慢抬升的趋势。灌溉入渗补给量在 16 年间变化幅度不大，但在2015 年有一个“凸”变点。（4） 采用弹性系数计算 1957-2004 年的年均降水和年潜在蒸发对地表水—地下水转化关系的弹性系数值分别为 0.68 和-3.29， 气候变化和人类活动对径流量减少的贡献率分别为 41.4%和 58.6%。 基于 HIMS 水文模型的模拟结果表明，塔河干流区模拟日径流量由 1957-1994 年的 126.8 mm 增加到了 1994-2004 年195.6 mm，日径流量增加了 68.8 mm，气候变化对地表水与地下水转化关系增加的贡献率为 40.2%，人类活动对其的贡献率为 59.8%。 |
| Other Abstract | In the past 20 years, the Tarim River Basin Comprehensive Treatment Projecthas provided effective guarantee for the optimal allocation of water resources andecological restoration in the basin, and has produced obvious comprehensive benefits.With the climate change and human activities intensifying, the conversion mechanismof surface water and groundwater in the mainstream of the Tarim River Tends to becomplicated. In order to achieve the optimal allocation of water resources in the Tahemain stream and the sustainable development of the eco-economy of the greencorridor, this article based on the monitoring of hydrological changes in the mainstream of the Tarim River in the past 20 years, studied the relationship between therecharge of groundwater and the temporal and spatial changes of groundwater depthAnd its ecological effect, explored the conversion mechanism of the inflow of Tahemain channel and groundwater. This research system analyzes the comprehensiveresponse of the regional ecological environment to groundwater since ecologicalwater transport in the main stream area of the Tarim River, which can provide atheoretical basis for regional water resources regulation and further quantification ofwater transport benefits. The specific conclusions are as follows:(1) The spatiotemporal variation of groundwater depth and its ecological effectwere studied based on the monitoring of hydrological and ecological parameters in themain Tarim River in the past 20 years. The results showed that the annual variation ofgroundwater depth in the upper reaches of the main Tarim River is 0.42~0.92 m inlow water period and the range is 1.06~3.67 m in the July-September period. Afternearly 20 years of ecological water conveyance, the groundwater depth in thedownstream section has been increased by 3.75 m during the 9-year period from 2009to 2017. The depth of groundwater varies significantly with the amount of waterconveyance. Generally, it reaches the peak within one month after the waterconveyance end. After that, it gradually decreases until the next conveyance of water will rise significantly. In 2009 late, the ecological water transport has obvious effecton the restoration of downstream vegetation, and the average value of downstreamNDVI increased from 0.05 to 0.15.(2) The transformation relationship between river water and groundwater is moreintense in the upper and middle reaches. Based on the analytical method, the waterconversion between rivers and canals accounts for 23.68% of the current year's riverrunoff, among which, the amount of groundwater replenishment to river wateraccounts for 21.49% of the current year's river runoff, and the net amount ofgroundwater replenishment by river water accounts for 21.97% of the current year'sriver runoff. The recharge to groundwater of alar xinqiman section accounts for 79.35%of the total recharge, and the recharge to groundwater of xinqiman Yingbazha sectionaccounts for 70.07% of the total recharge; the complementary amount of water andgroundwater in aqik Chiara section is larger than that in the middle and lower reaches.(3) The calculation results based on the water balance method show that the totalamount of groundwater lateral runoff supplement, reservoir leakage supplement, canalsystem leakage supplement and irrigation infiltration supplement accounts for 20.53%of the current year's river runoff; the total amount of groundwater lateral runoffoutflow, phreatic water evaporation and artificial exploitation accounts for 18.57% ofthe current year's river runoff. The conversion between surface water andgroundwater accounts for 12.72% of the river runoff in that year. From 2003 to 2018,the seepage supply of the upper and middle reaches of the canal system increasedslowly. From 2008 to 2018, the seepage of the lower reaches of the canal systemshowed a sudden change in the curve. In 2013, the seepage accounted for 7.10% ofthe river runoff in that year. On the whole, the channel seepage of the main stream ofTarim River fluctuates greatly in 16 years, but it shows the trend of slowly rising.Irrigation infiltration supply has little change in 16 years, but there is a "convex"change point in 2015.(4) The effects of climate change and human activities on surface water -groundwater conversion in Tarim main stream area were evaluated by elasticcoefficient and hydrologic simulation. The calculated elastic coefficient shows that the runoff of Tarim river is decreased, while the runoff of Tarim river is increased.Firstly, the elasticity coefficient was used to calculate the elasticity coefficient valuesof the annual precipitation and annual potential evaporation to conversion relationshipfrom 1957 to 2004, which were 0.68 and -3.29 respectively. The effects of changingcircumstances on the transformation relationship can be separated according to theformula of elastic coefficient. The contribution rate of climate change to runoffreduction is 41.4%, and the impact of human activities on runoff reduction is58.6%.The simulation results based on HIMS hydrological model show that thesimulated daily runoff in Tarim river main flow area increased from 126.8 mm in1957-1994 to 195.6 mm in 1994-2004, and the daily runoff increased by 68.8 mm.The contribution rate of climate change to the transformation relationship was 40.2%,and the contribution rate of human activities was 59.8%. |
| Subject Area | 自然地理学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15465 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 雍正. 变化环境下塔里木河干流区地表水—地下水转化关系研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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