KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 沙质盐碱地咸水灌溉垄作造林技术研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Study on ridge planting technology in sandy saline-alkali land irrigated by salt water |
| 张涛涛 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 徐新文 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 工程硕士 |
| Keyword | 盐碱地 垄作措施 咸水灌溉 造林 光合作用 Saline-alkali land Ridge planting measures Salt water irrigation Photosynthesis Afforestati |
| Abstract | 水资源短缺以及土壤盐渍化已成为新疆生态文明建设的重要限制因素， 而灌溉水质与灌水量是影响植物生长的重要因子。因此研究盐碱地地下咸水的利用，以及利用工程措施改善植物生长的生长状况，有助于耐盐植物的筛选及其在盐碱地综合治理与植被恢复的应用。本文在盐碱地起垄，并设置垄宽（50cm， 80cm）、灌溉周期（15d， 30d）、覆盖方式（秸秆覆盖，无覆盖）三个实验因素。 通过研究白刺、梭梭以及柽柳 3 种植物的光合能力、叶绿素含量、 MDA 含量以及呼吸作用和叶绿素荧光反应以及土壤理化性质的变化， 探究不同实验设置下植物的适应性特征，并给本区域生态建设提出合理的搭配方案。（1） 9.5g/kg 的盐渍化土壤上直接利用地下咸水（14g/L）灌溉的情况下三种荒漠植物虽然可以成活，但生长受到了严重的抑制。 而起垄极大程度地改善了植物的生长状况，白刺、柽柳以及梭梭在 50cm 和 80cm 垄宽下各项生长指标均远高于对照，白刺与梭梭各项指标更是高出对照数倍。（2）垄顶宽度为 50cm 时植物的生长整体优于 80cm； 垄顶覆盖秸秆对于植物的生长与生理没有明显促进作用； 15d/次的灌水周期下白刺与梭梭的生长状况优于 30d 灌水周期。（3）白刺净光合能力下降的主要因素为气孔限制，柽柳与梭梭对照处理会随着生长与咸水灌溉时间的增加，逐渐转变为非气孔限制，植物在高盐碱环境中会通过光淬灭的变化减少盐胁迫对光合器官的伤害。（4）垄作措施下土壤积盐随着灌水时间的增加而加剧，同时加剧了土壤蒸发，同时增加灌水周期可减缓土壤积盐。（5）本区域若想实现低成本造林，可利用地下咸水进行灌溉，并设置 50cm宽的垄与 15d 的灌水周期搭配为最佳， 更利于植物生长。 |
| Other Abstract | The shortage of water resources and soil salinization have become important limitingfactors for the construction of ecological civilization in Xinjiang.In this paper, Irrigation water quality and irrigation amount are important factorsaffecting plant growth.Therefore, the study on the utilization of underground salt waterin saline-alkali land and the improvement of plant growth by engineering measures ishelpful to the selection of salt-tolerant plants and their application in comprehensivetreatment and vegetation restoration in saline-alkali land.Three experimental factors including ridge width (50cm, 80cm), irrigation cycle (15d,30d) and covering mode (straw covering, no covering) are set up in the saline-alkaliland.By studying the photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll content, MDA content,respiration, chlorophyll fluorescence reaction, and changes in soil physical andchemical properties of three plants, namely h. ammosia, h. ammosia and h. tamarix, theadaptability characteristics of plants under different experimental setup are explored,and a reasonable collocation scheme is proposed for the ecological construction in thisregion.(1) Although the three desert plants could survive in the case of 9.5g/kg salinized soildirectly irrigated by underground salt water (14g/L), their growth is severelyinhibited.The growing conditions of plants are greatly improved by ridging. The growthindexes of bristles, tamarix tamarisk and h. ammodendron are much higher than thoseof the control group under the width of 50cm and 80cm ridging, and the indexes of h.ammodendron and h. ammodendron are several times higher than those of the controlgroup.(2) The overall plant growth is superior to that of 80cm when the ridge crest width is50cm;Straw mulching on the ridge had no significant effect on the growth andphysiology of plants.Under the irrigation cycle of 1 time /15d, the growth conditions ofwhite prickle and ammodendrite are better than that of 30d irrigation cycle.(3) Stomatal restriction is the main factor for the decrease of photosynthetic capacityof b. chinensis. The control treatment of tamarix chinensis and h. ammodendri wouldgradually change to non-stomatal restriction with the increase of growth and salt-waterirrigation time. Plants would reduce the damage to photosynthetic organs caused by saltstress through the change of photoquenching in the high-salinity environme. |
| Subject Area | 环境工程 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15473 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 张涛涛. 沙质盐碱地咸水灌溉垄作造林技术研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
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