KMS XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY，CAS
| 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区蒙古野驴（Equus hemionus hemionus）的种群数量与生境适宜性 | |
| Alternative Title | Population estimation and habitat suitability assessment of Equus hemionus hemionus in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang |
| 张晓晨 | |
| Subtype | 硕士 |
| Thesis Advisor | 杨维康 |
| 2020-06-30 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院大学 |
| Place of Conferral | 北京 |
| Degree Discipline | 理学硕士 |
| Keyword | 蒙古野驴 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区 MaxEnt模型 种群数量 生境适宜性 Equus hemionus hemionus Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve MaxEnt Model population number habitat suitability |
| Abstract | 蒙古野驴（Equus hemionus hemionus） 是亚洲内陆荒漠、 半荒漠及荒漠草原区域的代表性物种， 开展其种群数量调查与适宜生境研究可以为该物种的保护管理提供科学决策依据。 作者于 2018 和 2019 年每年春（4-5 月） 、 夏（6-8 月） 、秋（9-10 月） 三个季节， 采用样线法对新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区蒙古野驴的地理分布现状和种群数量开展了调查， 每次调查样线设置一致， 调查样线涵盖了保护区所有地貌和植被类型。 2 年共观察到蒙古野驴 1066 群， 7436匹蒙古野驴个体。全年平均群大小为 6.98±0.45 匹， 平均遇见率为 0.21±0.03 群/km（95%置信区间为 0.15~0.29 群/km） 。 研究区内蒙古野驴多集小群， 平均群大小分别为： 春季： 8.46±1.28 匹； 夏季： 6.66±0.59 匹； 秋季： 7.40±0.77 匹。 采用Distance 7.0 软件估算了蒙古野驴的种群密度和数量， 根据最小 AIC 原理选择最优拟合函数， 得到夏季蒙古野驴的种群密度为 0.48±0.085 匹/km2， 以此估算保护区内种蒙古野驴群数量为 3246±575 匹。借助 ArcGIS 软件通过 MaxEnt 模型分析了其中 363 个有效分布位点， 结合筛选后的 12 个环境变量， 构建了物种分布模型， 对该保护区蒙古野驴生境适宜性进行了评价， 得到了适宜生境的分布范围及其主要影响因子。 结果表明夏季蒙古野驴适宜生境主要位于保护区中东部， 面积为 6737.5 km2， 占整个保护区的45.4%， 其中最适宜生境分为四个区域， 面积共计 1108.6 km2。 Jackknife 检验结果表明影响蒙古野驴分布的关键环境因子依次为距水源点距离、 植被类型、 距人类活动区距离、 距 G216 国道距离、 海拔和最干季降水量。 基于本研究结果， 作者从水源点保护、 保护区功能区划调整以及野生动物通道有效性监测等方面， 对蒙古野驴种群的保护管理提出了建议。 |
| Other Abstract | The khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) is a representative species of desert,semi-desert and desert steppe in Asia. The estimation of suitable habitat andpopulation density of khulan can provide the scientific decision-making basis for theconservation management of this species. The distribution and population density ofkhulan in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang were investigatedduring spring, summer and autumn (from April to October) in 2018 and 2019 by usingthe line transect method. Each survey has the same transect lines and covers alllandforms and vegetation types in the reserve.In total, we recorded 7436 individuals from 1066 groups. Mean group size ofKhulan through the year is 6.98±0.45 individuals, mean group size in spring, summerand autumn are 8.46±1.28, 6.66±0.59, 7.40±0.77 individuals respectively. The khulanpopulation density, number and the encounter rate were estimated by the Distance 7.0software. Based on principles of the minimum AIC, the density of the summer khulanpopulation was 0.48±0.085 individuals/km2, with ranging from 0.33 to 0.69individuals/km2 (95% confidence interval). The encounter rate of khulan was 0.21 ±0.03 individuals/km, with ranging from 0.15 to 0.29 individuals/km (95% confidenceinterval). According to these data, we estimated that the total khulan population was3246 ± 575 individuals in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve.Using the MaxEnt model we analyzed 363 effective occurrence sites, andcombining 12 environmental variables, we detected the most suitable habitats andmain influencing factors. Our results showed that the suitable summer habitat coveredan area of 6737.5 km2, accounting 45.4% of the total reserve area and located mainlyin the central and eastern parts of the reserve. And the most suitable habitats aremainly distributed in four areas with a total area of 1108.6 km2.The predictionaccuracy of MaxEnt model was relatively high, with the average AUC reaching 0.890.The results of the Jackknife test indicated that the distance to water sources, thevegetation type, the distance to human interference, the distance to national highwayG216, the altitude, and precipitation of driest areas were the most important factorsinfluencing on the habitat suitability for khulan. For improvement protection of thekhulan population in this reserve, we suggested: strengthening the protection of waterresources, adjusting the position of the core areas, monitoring wildlife passages effectiveness. |
| Subject Area | 生态学 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/15474 |
| Collection | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 研究系统 |
| Affiliation | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| First Author Affilication | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 张晓晨. 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区蒙古野驴（Equus hemionus hemionus）的种群数量与生境适宜性[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2020. |
| Files in This Item: | There are no files associated with this item. | |||||
Items in the repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
Edit Comment